Gyula Gömbös facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Vitéz
Gyula Gömbös
de Jákfa
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| Prime Minister of Hungary | |
| In office 1 October 1932 – 6 October 1936 |
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| Regent | Miklós Horthy |
| Preceded by | Gyula Károlyi |
| Succeeded by | Kálmán Darányi |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 26 December 1886 Murga, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 6 October 1936 (aged 49) Munich, Germany |
| Political party |
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| Spouses | Greta Reichert (first) Erzsébet Szilágyi (second) Greta Reichert (third; again) |
Gyula Gömbös de Jákfa (born December 26, 1886 – died October 6, 1936) was a Hungarian military officer and politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Hungary from October 1, 1932, until his death.
Contents
Early Life and Military Career
Gyula Gömbös was born in Murga, a village in Hungary. His family was part of the Hungarian nobility. His father was a school teacher. The family belonged to the Lutheran Church.
Gömbös joined the Austro-Hungarian Army as a cadet. He quickly became an officer. He served as a captain during World War I. During his time in the army, Gömbös strongly believed that Hungary should be independent from Austria. He was also critical of the Habsburg rulers.
After World War I
After World War I, Hungary separated from Austria. Gömbös joined conservative Hungarian forces in Szeged. These forces did not support the communist leader Béla Kun, who had taken control of Hungary in 1919.
Gömbös created his own group called the Hungarian National Defence Association (MOVE). He became a close friend and ally of Miklós Horthy. Horthy was the leader of the government in Szeged that was against communism. Gömbös helped organize Horthy’s army. Because of his help, Gömbös was made the minister of defense in the Szeged government.
After the communist government was removed in August 1919, Gömbös helped to remove communist supporters from Hungarian society.
Rise to Power
Before the war, Gömbös was part of the Smallholder Party. However, after the breakup of Austria-Hungary, his political views became more nationalist. When Miklós Horthy became the regent of Hungary in 1920, Gömbös became a main leader of Hungary’s growing nationalist movement. This movement gained support because people were unhappy with the brief period of communist rule. They were also upset about the Treaty of Trianon. This treaty caused Hungary to lose two-thirds of its land to neighboring countries.
Gömbös worked to remove communist influence in Hungary. He also helped stop Charles IV, a former Habsburg ruler, from trying to regain his throne in 1921. This action helped Horthy stay in control of Hungary. Later, in 1929, Gömbös became a major general. Horthy then appointed him as the Minister of Defense.
Becoming Prime Minister
In 1932, Regent Horthy chose Gömbös to be the new prime minister. When he took office, Gömbös publicly changed his earlier negative views towards Jewish people. The Jewish political leaders in Hungary, led by Béla Szántó, supported Gömbös. They agreed to support his plans. In return, Gömbös promised not to create any laws based on race. He also promised not to harm Jewish people economically. Gömbös kept these promises during his time as prime minister.
As prime minister, Gömbös was very active in international relations. He wanted to change the Treaty of Trianon. He also sought trade deals to help Hungary's economy, which was struggling during the Great Depression. One of his main goals was to form an alliance between Hungary, Italy, and Austria.
In 1933, Gömbös traveled to Italy and met with Benito Mussolini. Mussolini supported Gömbös's idea of changing the Treaty of Trianon. Mussolini also promised Italy’s help if Hungary went to war with Yugoslavia or Romania. Hungary wanted to regain its former territory from these nations.
Gömbös also formed an alliance with Germany, though he was less eager about it. When Adolf Hitler became the leader of Germany, Gömbös was the first foreign head of government to visit him. Soon after, Gömbös signed an important trade agreement with Germany. He hoped this would help reduce unemployment in Hungary during the 1930s.
However, this friendship did not last. Hitler thought Gömbös was too friendly towards Jewish people. Hitler made it clear that his support for Hungary came with conditions. The German leader was willing to support Hungary in its efforts to regain land from Czechoslovakia. But he would not support Hungary against Romania or Yugoslavia. Unlike Mussolini, Hitler also did not like Gömbös's plans to make the Hungarian military larger and more powerful.
Death in Office
Gyula Gömbös died on October 6, 1936, while still serving as prime minister. He never saw his big plans fully happen.
Burial
Gömbös was buried at Kerepesi Cemetery. His funeral was a very large event. Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians attended his funeral procession. Many important officials visited his coffin because he was the head of the government.
See also
In Spanish: Gyula Gömbös para niños
