José Giral facts for kids
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José Giral
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| Prime Minister of Spain | |
| In office 19 July 1936 – 4 September 1936 |
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| President | Manuel Azaña |
| Preceded by | Diego Martínez Barrio |
| Succeeded by | Francisco Largo Caballero |
| Minister of State | |
| In office 17 May 1937 – 5 April 1938 |
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| Prime Minister | Juan Negrín |
| Preceded by | Julio Álvarez del Vayo |
| Succeeded by | Julio Álvarez del Vayo |
| Minister of the Navy | |
| In office 18 February 1936 – 22 August 1936 |
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| Prime Minister | Manuel Azaña Santiago Casares Quiroga |
| Preceded by | Antonio Azarola Gresillón |
| Succeeded by | Francisco Matz Sánchez |
| In office 14 October 1931 – 12 June 1933 |
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| Prime Minister | Juan Negrín |
| Preceded by | Santiago Casares Quiroga |
| Succeeded by | Lluis Companys |
| Member of the Congress of Deputies | |
| In office 16 March 1936 – 31 March 1939 |
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| Constituency | Cáceres |
| In office 14 July 1931 – 9 October 1933 |
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| Constituency | Cáceres |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 22 October 1879 Santiago de Cuba |
| Died | 23 December 1962 (aged 83) Ciudad de Mexico |
José Giral y Pereira (born October 22, 1879 – died December 23, 1962) was an important Spanish politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Spain during a time known as the Second Spanish Republic. This was a period when Spain was a republic, meaning it was governed by elected officials rather than a king or queen.
Contents
Early Life and Education
José Giral was born in Santiago de Cuba. He studied at the University of Madrid. There, he earned degrees in both Chemistry and Pharmacy. In 1905, he became a chemistry professor at the University of Salamanca.
Political Beginnings
Giral became interested in politics. He helped start a political group called Acción Republicana with Manuel Azaña. During the time when Miguel Primo de Rivera was a dictator, Giral secretly worked against the government. A dictator is a ruler who has total power over a country. Because of his actions, Giral was put in prison three times.
When the Second Spanish Republic was created, Giral was given important roles. He became the director of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. He also served as an advisor to the government. From 1931 to 1933, he was the Minister of the Navy. This meant he was in charge of Spain's navy.
Prime Minister of Spain
In July 1936, a military uprising began in Spain. This event led to the Spanish Civil War. The president, Manuel Azaña, asked Giral to form a new government. This government was made up only of people who supported the republic.
Giral became the Prime Minister on July 19, 1936. His government worked to deal with the growing conflict. However, the military forces against the republic advanced quickly. When the city of Talavera de la Reina fell, the army was close to Madrid. Because of this, Giral had to step down. He gave his power to Francisco Largo Caballero on September 4, 1936.
Life After the Civil War
After the Spanish Civil War ended, José Giral left Spain. He first went to France, and then he moved to Mexico.
In 1945, he took over from Juan Negrín as the prime minister of the Spanish Republican government in Exile. This was a government formed by Spanish leaders who had to leave Spain after the war. Giral held this position until 1947. He passed away in Mexico in 1962 at the age of 83.
He was married to María Luisa González y de la Calle.
See also
In Spanish: José Giral para niños
