The Queen wearing the star and collar of the
Order of the Southern Cross, the highest Brazilian order awarded to foreign heads of state
Queen Elizabeth II wearing orders and decorations of different countries
Elizabeth II (born 21 April 1926, died 8 September 2022) had many different titles and special honours throughout her life. She received some of these before she became Queen. Others were given to her during her long reign as monarch of her Commonwealth realms. This article explains some of her most important titles and honours.
Royal Titles and How She Was Called
Queen Elizabeth II had several official ways she was addressed, depending on her age and role:
- 21 April 1926 – 11 December 1936: Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth of York
- 11 December 1936 – 20 November 1947: Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth
- 20 November 1947 – 6 February 1952: Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh
- 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022: Her Majesty The Queen
When Elizabeth became Queen, she was asked what her official name would be. She simply said, "My own, of course—what else?"
Her official title used to be "by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Queen, Defender of the Faith". This was used when she was first announced as Queen in places like Canada and South Africa.
Later, in 1952, leaders from the Commonwealth countries decided that the Queen should have different titles in each of her realms. This showed that she was the monarch of that specific country, not just the UK. For example, Canada wanted her title to be "Queen of Canada."
After this decision, special laws were passed in each of the Commonwealth realms. This gave Queen Elizabeth a unique, but similar, title in each country. When she was crowned in 1953, she held seven different titles.
Over time, the Commonwealth changed. By the time she passed away, Queen Elizabeth held 15 different official titles. Each title was for one of the current Commonwealth realms. In most of these countries, the part mentioning the United Kingdom was removed from her title.
Why "Elizabeth II" Caused a Stir in Scotland
In Scotland, the title Elizabeth II caused some debate. This was because there had never been a Queen Elizabeth I in Scotland. The first Queen Elizabeth was only Queen of England.
Some people in Scotland were unhappy about this. New Royal Mail post boxes in Scotland, which had the Queen's symbol EIIR, were sometimes damaged. To stop this, post boxes and Royal Mail vehicles in Scotland started to only show the Crown of Scotland.
A legal case was even brought to court to challenge the Queen's right to use the title Elizabeth II in Scotland. However, the case was lost. The court said that the numbering of monarchs was a royal power, not something controlled by the Act of Union.
Interestingly, Winston Churchill suggested that future British monarchs should be numbered based on whichever number was higher, either their English or Scottish predecessors.
Even though Scotland had never had an "Elizabeth I," other countries that Queen Elizabeth II ruled also had never had an "Elizabeth I." They still adopted the style "Queen Elizabeth II" without any problems.
Other Ways She Was Known
Queen Elizabeth II was known by many different names and nicknames around the world. Here are a few examples:
- In British Columbia, Canada, she was called Mother of All People.
- In Hong Kong, she was known as 事頭婆 (Cantonese: "Boss Lady").
- In Jamaican Patois, people called her Missis Queen or The Queen Lady.
- In Māori, New Zealand, she was known as Te Kotuku Rerengatahi (meaning: Rare White Heron of Single Flight).
- In Tok Pisin, Papua New Guinea, she was called Missis Kwin or Mama belong big family.
- In South Africa, she was given the name Motlalepula, which means "The Rain Queen" or "the one who brings the rain."
- In the United Kingdom, some called her Princess Auto Mechanic because she trained as a mechanic during World War II. She was also sometimes called The World's Sweetheart or Elizabeth the Great.
Military Ranks and Positions
Queen Elizabeth II held many honorary military and police positions across the Commonwealth. These roles recognized her as the head of state and her connection to the armed forces.
In the United Kingdom, she held ranks in the Auxiliary Territorial Service during World War II. After becoming Queen, she was:
She also held similar honorary positions in other Commonwealth countries, like Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. These roles showed her special connection to their military forces.
Special Memberships and Degrees
Queen Elizabeth II was also a member of many important organizations and received several academic degrees:
Memberships and Fellowships
- She was a Fellow of the Royal Society (1947 – 1952).
- She was an Honorary member and patron of the Institution of Civil Engineers (1947 – 2022).
- She was an Honorary fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England (1951 – 2022).
Degrees Received
Queen Elizabeth II received several honorary degrees from universities:
Other Special Honours
- In 1975, she received the Golden Pheasant Award, the highest honour from the Scout Association of Japan.
- In 2013, she was given an honorary BAFTA award for her support of the British film and television industry.
- In 2022, she received the Canterbury Cross for her strong support of the Church of England.
- She also received the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI) Lifetime Achievement Award for her dedication to horse sports.
- In 2023, after her passing, she won a BAFTA 'Most Memorable Moment Award' for her appearance with Paddington Bear during her Platinum Jubilee celebrations.
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