Nawaf Salam facts for kids

Nawaf Salam (Arabic: نواف سلام; born 15 December 1953) is a Lebanese diplomat, jurist, academic, and the Prime Minister of Lebanon. He currently serves as the 27th president of the International Court of Justice. He was elected on 9 November 2017 as judge on the International Court of Justice for the 2018–2027 term, having received a concurrent majority of votes in the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council. He served as Lebanon's Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York from 2007 to 2017, during which period he held the positions of President of the Security Council and Vice President of the General Assembly. He was elected as president of the International Court of Justice on 6 February 2024. Salam is the second Arab to be elected as president and the first Lebanese judge. On the 13th of January 2025, Salam was nominated by more than half of the MPs making him become prime minister designate of Lebanon.

Background and education

Son of Abdallah Salam and Reckat Beyhum, Nawaf was born into a prominent family from Beirut, Lebanon. His grandfather, Salim Salam, the leader of the "Beirut Reform Movement", was elected deputy of Beirut to the Ottoman parliament in 1912. His uncle, Saeb Salam, fought for Lebanon's independence from the French Mandate of Lebanon and subsequently served four times as Prime Minister of Lebanon between 1952 and 1973. His cousin Tammam Salam was also Prime Minister of Lebanon between 2014 and 2016. He is married to Sahar Baassiri, columnist and Lebanon's Ambassador to UNESCO as of January 2018. He has two sons, Abdallah and Marwan.

Salam received a doctorate in political science from the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po) (1992), an LLM from Harvard Law School (1991), a doctorate in history from Sorbonne University (1979), and a Diploma from the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (1974).

Career

Legal practice and academia

From 1979 to 1981, Salam was a lecturer on the contemporary history of the Middle East at Sorbonne University. In 1981, he left Paris to spend an academic year as a visiting scholar at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University. Between 1985 and 1989, he was a lecturer at the American University of Beirut, during which time he also practiced law as an associate at Takla Law Firm. He was a visiting researcher at Harvard Law School from 1989 to 1990, and a foreign legal consultant at Edwards & Angell LLP from 1989 to 1992. He resumed his practice at the Takla Law Firm in 1992 as well as his teaching of International Law and International Relations at the American University of Beirut. He was appointed Visiting associate professor of Political Science in 2003, and later associate professor of Political Science in 2005. From 2005 to 2007, he was the Chairman of the Political Studies and Public Administration Department. On February 6, 2024, he was elected as the President of the International Court of Justice.

Salam's appointment as President of the International Court of Justice in February 2024 coincided directly with the first hearing on South Africa's genocide lawsuit against Israel in January 2024. Salam will preside over the case brought by South Africa against Israel.

Public interest work

Salam served as a member of the Executive Bureau of the Economic and Social Council of Lebanon from 1999 to 2002 and as a member of the Lebanese National Commission of UNESCO from 2000 to 2004. In 2005 and 2006, he was a member and Secretary General of The National Commission on Electoral Reform which was entrusted with the task of preparing the draft of a new electoral law for Lebanon. He has also served on the board of trustees of the Lebanese Center for Policy Studies (LCPS), a non-partisan think tank whose mission is to produce and advocate policies that improve governance in Lebanon and the Arab world. In 1996, he co-founded the Lebanese Association for Democratic Elections (LADE), a non-governmental monitoring organization that works to promote the fair and transparent conduct of parliamentary and municipal elections.

Ambassador of Lebanon to the United Nations

From July 2007 to December 2017, he served as Lebanon's Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York.

Salam's mandate at the UN was marked by his repeated interventions before the Security Council calling for security and stability in South Lebanon through the implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701, promoting the policy of "disassociation" from the Syrian conflict, and seeking an end to impunity through the establishment of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon in the matter of the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri pursuant to United Nations Security Council resolution 1757.

He represented Lebanon on the Security Council in 2010 and 2011, for Lebanon's two-year term as a non-permanent member. In May 2010 and September 2011, he held the rotating Presidency of the Security Council.

He served as vice-president of the 67th session of the General Assembly of the United Nations from September 2012 to September 2013 and as acting President of the General Assembly of the United Nations in July 2013.

During his mandate at the United Nations, Salam chaired and participated in Lebanese delegations to international conferences and meetings.

Candidacy for Prime Minister

Salam was a candidate for Prime minister towards the end of Michel Aoun's term to replace Najib Mikati. However, Mikati won again becoming prime minister designate on 23 June 2022 with 54 votes against Salam's 28 to form a new cabinet until the remainder of President Michel Aoun's term.

In the wake of the election of Joseph Aoun as president of Lebanon on the 9th of January 2025, multiple opposition MPs reached a consensus on nominating Salam as Prime Minister. His candidacy is supported by many Western and Arab states, who call for his nomination, against current caretaker prime minister Najib Mikati. On the 13th of January 2025, Salam was nominated by 84 out of 128 MPs, making him the Prime Minister-designate of Lebanon. According to sources he is expected to land in Lebanon on Tuesday morning after departure from The Hague.

Decorations

Salam was awarded in 2012 the French Legion of Honour (Légion d'honneur) at the rank of Officer (Officier) by President Nicolas Sarkozy.

Notable publications

Salam has written books and articles on political and constitutional reform, electoral law reform, overcoming sectarianism, and fighting corruption and promoting accountability through strengthening the independence of the judiciary and the rule of law. He has also written on the question of citizenship and civil society in the Arab world as well as on the development of international law.

See also

In Spanish: Nawaf Salam para niños