Paris–Roubaix facts for kids
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Race details | |
---|---|
Date | Early April |
Region | Northern France |
English name | Paris–Roubaix |
Local name(s) | Paris–Roubaix |
Nickname(s) |
|
Discipline | Road |
Competition | UCI World Tour |
Type | One-day |
Organiser | Amaury Sport Organisation |
Race director | Jean-François Pescheux |
History | |
First edition | 1896 |
Editions | 121 (as of 2024) |
First winner | ![]() |
Most wins | ![]() ![]() (4 wins each) |
Most recent | ![]() |
The Paris–Roubaix is a famous one-day professional bicycle race held in northern France. It starts near Paris and finishes in Roubaix, a town close to the Belgian border. This race is one of the oldest and most important cycling events in the world. It's known as one of the 'Monuments' of cycling.
Paris–Roubaix is famous for its very rough roads, especially the cobblestones (called pavé). Because of these tough sections, it's often called the Hell of the North or the Queen of the Classics. Since 1977, the winner gets a special prize: a real cobblestone!
The difficult terrain means cyclists need special bikes, wheels, and tires. Flat tires and other bike problems happen often and can change who wins. Even though it's a respected race, some cyclists find it too hard because of the tough conditions. The race has been held every year since 1896, except during the two world wars and the 2020 coronavirus pandemic.
Contents
History of the Paris–Roubaix Race
Paris–Roubaix is one of the oldest professional bike races. It first took place in 1896. The race was started by two textile factory owners from Roubaix, Théodore Vienne and Maurice Perez. They had built a velodrome (a special track for cycling) in Roubaix in 1895.
Vienne and Perez wanted to find new ideas for events at their velodrome. In 1896, they thought of holding a bike race all the way from Paris to their track in Roubaix. They asked Louis Minart, an editor at Le Vélo (a French sports newspaper), for help. Minart liked the idea and suggested they talk to the paper's director, Paul Rousseau.
The factory owners wrote to Rousseau, suggesting the race could be good training for another big event. They offered a prize of 1,000 francs, which was a lot of money back then. Rousseau was excited and sent his cycling editor, Victor Breyer, to check out the route.
Breyer rode his bike from Amiens to Roubaix. It was a terrible ride with wind, rain, and cold. He was covered in mud and exhausted from the cobblestones. He almost sent a telegram to cancel the idea because it seemed too dangerous. But after a good meal and drinks in Roubaix, he changed his mind.
Why is it Called the Easter Race?
Vienne and Perez planned the first race for Easter Sunday. However, the church didn't like this idea. They worried that riders and fans wouldn't go to church. It's believed that Vienne and Perez promised a special church service for the riders.
But the first Paris–Roubaix actually happened on April 19, 1896. Easter Sunday that year was two weeks earlier, on April 5. So, the first race was not on Easter. The next year, in 1897, Paris–Roubaix was indeed held on Easter Sunday.
The First Winners of Paris–Roubaix
Many riders who signed up for the first race didn't even show up. The famous Henri Desgrange, who later started the Tour de France, was one of them. But Maurice Garin, who would win the first Tour de France, did start. He was a local favorite in Roubaix.
Josef Fischer from Germany won the first race. Garin finished third, about 15 minutes behind. Only four riders finished within an hour of the winner! Garin might have been second, but he crashed after being hit by two tandem bikes. He was so tired and hurt that a doctor had to help him.
Garin won the race the next year, in 1897. He beat Mathieu Cordang in an exciting finish at the Roubaix velodrome. Cordang fell near the end, giving Garin a lead. Garin just barely held on to win by two meters!
The "Hell of the North" Nickname
The race often leaves riders covered in mud and dirt from the cobbled roads. But this is not how it got its famous nickname, l'enfer du Nord, or Hell of the North. This name came after World War I.
In 1919, organizers and journalists drove the race route to see what was left after four years of war. Millions had died, and France was heavily damaged. As they got closer to the north, the air smelled bad, and trees were broken stumps. Everything was mud.
Someone said it was "hell," and the name stuck. A newspaper called it "the hell of the north." The words in L'Auto newspaper described it as: "We enter into the center of the battlefield. There's not a tree, everything is flattened! Not a square meter that has not been hurled upside down. There's one shell hole after another. The only things that stand out in this churned earth are the crosses... It is hell!"
Saving the Cobblestones
Riding on cobbles wasn't always a special challenge. Before World War II, many roads were just made of cobbles. After the war, roads got better, and many cobbled sections were paved over. This meant the race was losing its unique character.
Organizers worried the race would become too easy. So, in 1983, a group of fans called Les Amis de Paris–Roubaix (The Friends of Paris–Roubaix) was formed. This group helps find and fix old cobbled paths. They work with local towns to keep these difficult sections safe for riders.
Alain Bernard, the president of Les Amis, said that mayors used to pave over cobbled roads because they didn't want their towns to look old-fashioned on TV. Now, mayors call him to say they've found more cobbles for the race!
Les Amis de Paris–Roubaix spend thousands of euros each year to fix the cobbles. Students from horticulture schools help with the repairs as part of their training. They put down sand and other materials to make the cobbles rideable.
The Race Course
The race used to start in Paris. But since 1977, it starts in Compiègne, about 80 km north of Paris. From Compiègne, the race follows a winding route of about 260 km north to Roubaix.
The first cobbled section usually appears after about 100 km. In the last 150 km, riders face more than 50 km of cobblestones! The race ends with 750 meters on the smooth concrete track of the Vélodrome André-Pétrieux in Roubaix. The route changes slightly each year as old roads are paved or new cobbled sections are found.
Key Cobblestone Sections
The organizers rate the cobbled sections based on their length, how rough they are, their condition, and where they are in the race.
Troisvilles to Inchy
This is usually the first cobbled section, about 100 km into the race. It's the highest point of all the cobbles.
Wallers Haveluy
This 2.5 km section is named after Bernard Hinault, a winner from 1981. It's often used in other races too.
Trouée d'Arenberg
The Trouée d'Arenberg (Trench of Arenberg) is a symbol of Paris–Roubaix. This 2400-meter section of cobbles was laid long ago by Napoleon I through a forest. A former professional cyclist, Jean Stablinski, who used to work in the mine under the forest, suggested it for the race.
Even though it's almost 100 km from the finish, this section is often where the winning group of riders is decided. A memorial to Stablinski stands at one end of the road.
This section was added in 1968. In 1999, the race direction was changed to make riders enter it slower. This was after Johan Museeuw had a bad crash there in 1998. In 2005, it was left out because it was too dangerous, but local councils spent money to fix it.
Cyclist Filippo Pozzato said after riding it: "It's the true definition of hell. It's very dangerous... The bike goes in all directions." Another rider, Philippe Gaumont, broke his leg here in 2001. So many fans have taken cobbles as souvenirs that Les Amis de Paris–Roubaix have to replace them!
Mons-en-Pévèle
This is another very difficult section, rated five stars. It's 3 km long and includes a small climb and two sharp turns. It has been used almost every year since 1978.
Carrefour de l'Arbre
The Carrefour de l'Arbre is the last five-star difficulty cobbled section. It's located between two towns, Gruson and Camphin-en-Pévèle. This 2.1 km section is very important because it's close to the finish (only 15 km away) and is very tough. In 2023, the Camphin-en-Pévèle part was renamed after the three-time winner Eddy Merckx.
Alain Bernard, from Les Amis de Paris–Roubaix, found this section. He said that a bar at the crossroads, which used to open only once a year, is now open all year because of the race's fame!
Roubaix, Espace Charles Crupelandt
This final stretch of cobbles before the velodrome is named after Charles Crupelandt, a local rider who won in 1912 and 1914. This 300-meter section was made for the 100th anniversary of the race in 1996. It has plaques for every race winner, giving it the name 'Chemin des Géants' (Road of the Giants).
The Finish Line
Since 1943, the race has mostly finished at the Roubaix Velodrome. This is a large outdoor track. The finish was moved to the velodrome to give spectators a better view of the exciting end of the race.
Inside the velodrome, there's a special shower room. Each shower stall has a brass plaque with the name of a past winner, like Eddy Merckx and Tom Boonen. Cyclists often say that standing in these showers after the race is a very special moment.
Bicycles for Paris–Roubaix
Paris–Roubaix is a huge challenge for bikes and riders. Special frames, wheels, and tires are often used. In the past, wider tires and different brakes were developed for this race.
More recently, bike companies have designed special bikes just for races like Paris–Roubaix. These bikes, like the Specialized Roubaix series, have a longer wheelbase and are made to give riders a smoother ride over the rough cobbles. Teams also have people along the course with spare bikes and wheels because punctures and mechanical problems are very common.
André Mahé, who won in 1948, said that back then, riders used the same bikes for all races. Bikes were less stiff, so they naturally absorbed more bumps. But today's bikes are much more rigid, so special features are needed.
Riders have tried different things over the years. Some used wooden rims, others wrapped their handlebars with foam. In the 1990s, some even tried bikes with suspension in the front forks.
Top riders sometimes get special frames for more stability and comfort. For example, Tom Boonen used a bike with a longer wheelbase when he won in 2005. George Hincapie had a bike with a special insert to absorb shock. However, his bike's steering tube broke in 2006, causing him to crash.
The bad roads cause many flat tires. A special service team from Mavic (a bike parts company) provides spare wheels to riders from any team. They used to change about 100 wheels in a race, but now it's fewer because tires are much better.
A Sad Moment in Race History
In the 2018 race, a rider named Michael Goolaerts suffered a heart attack and crashed. Doctors tried to help him right away, and he was flown to the hospital. Sadly, he passed away later that day.
What Riders Say About Paris–Roubaix
Cyclists have strong feelings about Paris–Roubaix.
- Theo de Rooij, a Dutch rider, crashed in the 1985 race. When asked if he'd race again, he said: "Sure, it's the most beautiful race in the world!"
- Sean Kelly, who won the race twice, called it a "love-hate" relationship. He famously said: "A Paris–Roubaix without rain is not a true Paris–Roubaix. Throw in a little snow as well, it's not serious." He also said: "Paris–Roubaix is a horrible race to ride but the most beautiful one to win."
- Chris Horner described the cobbles: "They plowed a dirt road, flew over it with a helicopter, and then just dropped a bunch of rocks out of the helicopter! That's Paris–Roubaix. It's that bad – it's ridiculous."
- Wout van Aert said in 2022: "Everybody has his own story during the race... It's the beauty of the race."
Les Amis de Paris–Roubaix: The Race's Friends
Les Amis de Paris–Roubaix (The Friends of Paris–Roubaix) is a group of dedicated fans. It was started in 1983 by Jean-Claude Vallaeys. Their main goal is to find and keep enough cobbled roads so the race can stay special.
Many roads were being paved over, and the race was at risk of becoming a fast race on smooth roads. Alain Bernard, who now leads the group, says they have succeeded in keeping the race's unique character. They work with local governments to maintain these historic paths. They also collect documents, hold exhibitions, and honor past winners.
The group calls themselves les forçats du pavé (the convicts of the cobbles). They often work in bad weather, like cold wind, hail, and rain, to clean mud and dirt from the cobblestones. They do this work quietly, away from the cameras and officials. Their passion is to make sure the race can continue and that champions can still lift their cobbled trophy high.
Winners and Records
Winners by Year
Rider | Team | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1896 | ![]() |
Josef Fischer | Diamant | |
1897 | ![]() |
Maurice Garin | – | |
1898 | ![]() |
Maurice Garin | – | |
1899 | ![]() |
Albert Champion | – | |
1900 | ![]() |
Émile Bouhours | – | |
1901 | ![]() |
Lucien Lesna | – | |
1902 | ![]() |
Lucien Lesna | – | |
1903 | ![]() |
Hippolyte Aucouturier | Peugeot | |
1904 | ![]() |
Hippolyte Aucouturier | Peugeot | |
1905 | ![]() |
Louis Trousselier | Peugeot–Wolber | |
1906 | ![]() |
Henri Cornet | – | |
1907 | ![]() |
Georges Passerieu | Peugeot–Wolber | |
1908 | ![]() |
Cyrille van Hauwaert | Alcyon–Dunlop | |
1909 | ![]() |
Octave Lapize | Biguet–Dunlop | |
1910 | ![]() |
Octave Lapize | Alcyon–Dunlop | |
1911 | ![]() |
Octave Lapize | La Française–Diamant | |
1912 | ![]() |
Charles Crupelandt | La Française–Diamant | |
1913 | ![]() |
François Faber | Peugeot–Wolber | |
1914 | ![]() |
Charles Crupelandt | La Française–Hutchinson | |
1915 | No race | |||
1916 | No race | |||
1917 | No race | |||
1918 | No race | |||
1919 | ![]() |
Henri Pélissier | La Sportive | |
1920 | ![]() |
Paul Deman | La Sportive | |
1921 | ![]() |
Henri Pélissier | La Sportive | |
1922 | ![]() |
Albert Dejonghe | La Française | |
1923 | ![]() |
Heiri Suter | Gurtner–Hutchinson | |
1924 | ![]() |
Jules van Hevel | Wonder–Russell | |
1925 | ![]() |
Félix Sellier | Alcyon–Dunlop | |
1926 | ![]() |
Julien Delbecque | Alcyon–Dunlop | |
1927 | ![]() |
Georges Ronsse | Automoto | |
1928 | ![]() |
André Leducq | Alcyon–Dunlop | |
1929 | ![]() |
Charles Meunier | La Française–Diamant–Dunlop | |
1930 | ![]() |
Julien Vervaecke | Alcyon–Dunlop | |
1931 | ![]() |
Gaston Rebry | Alcyon–Dunlop | |
1932 | ![]() |
Romain Gijssels | Dilecta–Wolber | |
1933 | ![]() |
Sylvère Maes | Alcyon–Dunlop | |
1934 | ![]() |
Gaston Rebry | Alcyon–Dunlop | |
1935 | ![]() |
Gaston Rebry | Alcyon–Dunlop | |
1936 | ![]() |
Georges Speicher | Alcyon–Dunlop | |
1937 | ![]() |
Jules Rossi | Alcyon–Dunlop | |
1938 | ![]() |
Lucien Storme | Mercier–Hutchinson | |
1939 | ![]() |
Émile Masson Jr. | Alcyon–Dunlop | |
1940 | No race | |||
1941 | No race | |||
1942 | No race | |||
1943 | ![]() |
Marcel Kint | Mercier–Hutchinson | |
1944 | ![]() |
Maurice Desimpelaere | Alcyon–Dunlop | |
1945 | ![]() |
Paul Maye | Alcyon–Dunlop | |
1946 | ![]() |
Georges Claes | Rochet–Dunlop | |
1947 | ![]() |
Georges Claes | Rochet–Dunlop | |
1948 | ![]() |
Rik Van Steenbergen | Mercier–Hutchinson | |
1949 | ![]() |
André Mahé (FRA) (victory shared with Serse Coppi) | Stella–Dunlop | |
1949 | ![]() |
Serse Coppi (ITA) (victory shared with André Mahé) | Bianchi–Ursus | |
1950 | ![]() |
Fausto Coppi | Bianchi–Pirelli | |
1951 | ![]() |
Antonio Bevilacqua | Benotto–Ursus | |
1952 | ![]() |
Rik Van Steenbergen | Mercier–Hutchinson | |
1953 | ![]() |
Germain Derycke | Alcyon–Dunlop | |
1954 | ![]() |
Raymond Impanis | Mercier–BP–Hutchinson | |
1955 | ![]() |
Jean Forestier | Follis–Dunlop | |
1956 | ![]() |
Louison Bobet | Mercier–BP–Hutchinson | |
1957 | ![]() |
Fred De Bruyne | Carpano–Coppi | |
1958 | ![]() |
Leon Vandaele | Faema–Guerra | |
1959 | ![]() |
Noël Foré | Groene Leeuw–Sinalco–SAS | |
1960 | ![]() |
Pino Cerami | Peugeot–BP–Dunlop | |
1961 | ![]() |
Rik Van Looy | Faema | |
1962 | ![]() |
Rik Van Looy | Flandria–Faema–Clément | |
1963 | ![]() |
Emile Daems | Peugeot–BP–Englebert | |
1964 | ![]() |
Peter Post | Flandria–Romeo | |
1965 | ![]() |
Rik Van Looy | Solo–Superia | |
1966 | ![]() |
Felice Gimondi | Salvarani | |
1967 | ![]() |
Jan Janssen | Pelforth–Sauvage–Lejeune | |
1968 | ![]() |
Eddy Merckx | Faema | |
1969 | ![]() |
Walter Godefroot | Flandria–De Clerck–Krüger | |
1970 | ![]() |
Eddy Merckx | Faemino–Faema | |
1971 | ![]() |
Roger Rosiers | Bic | |
1972 | ![]() |
Roger De Vlaeminck | Dreher | |
1973 | ![]() |
Eddy Merckx | Molteni | |
1974 | ![]() |
Roger De Vlaeminck | Brooklyn | |
1975 | ![]() |
Roger De Vlaeminck | Brooklyn | |
1976 | ![]() |
Marc Demeyer | Flandria–Velda–West Vlaams Vleesbedrijf | |
1977 | ![]() |
Roger De Vlaeminck | Brooklyn | |
1978 | ![]() |
Francesco Moser | Sanson–Campagnolo | |
1979 | ![]() |
Francesco Moser | Sanson–Luxor TV–Campagnolo | |
1980 | ![]() |
Francesco Moser | Sanson–Campagnolo | |
1981 | ![]() |
Bernard Hinault | Renault–Elf–Gitane | |
1982 | ![]() |
Jan Raas | TI–Raleigh–Campagnolo | |
1983 | ![]() |
Hennie Kuiper | J. Aernoudt–Rossin | |
1984 | ![]() |
Sean Kelly | Skil–Reydel–Sem–Mavic | |
1985 | ![]() |
Marc Madiot | Renault–Elf | |
1986 | ![]() |
Sean Kelly | Kas | |
1987 | ![]() |
Eric Vanderaerden | Panasonic–Isostar | |
1988 | ![]() |
Dirk Demol | AD Renting–Mini-Flat–Enerday | |
1989 | ![]() |
Jean-Marie Wampers | Panasonic–Isostar–Colnago–Agu | |
1990 | ![]() |
Eddy Planckaert | Panasonic–Sportlife | |
1991 | ![]() |
Marc Madiot | RMO | |
1992 | ![]() |
Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle | Z | |
1993 | ![]() |
Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle | GAN | |
1994 | ![]() |
Andrei Tchmil | Lotto | |
1995 | ![]() |
Franco Ballerini | Mapei–GB–Latexco | |
1996 | ![]() |
Johan Museeuw | Mapei–GB | |
1997 | ![]() |
Frédéric Guesdon | Française des Jeux | |
1998 | ![]() |
Franco Ballerini | Mapei–Bricobi | |
1999 | ![]() |
Andrea Tafi | Mapei–Quick-Step | |
2000 | ![]() |
Johan Museeuw | Mapei–Quick-Step | |
2001 | ![]() |
Servais Knaven | Domo–Farm Frites–Latexco | |
2002 | ![]() |
Johan Museeuw | Domo–Farm Frites | |
2003 | ![]() |
Peter Van Petegem | Lotto–Domo | |
2004 | ![]() |
Magnus Bäckstedt | Alessio–Bianchi | |
2005 | ![]() |
Tom Boonen | Quick-Step–Innergetic | |
2006 | ![]() |
Fabian Cancellara | Team CSC | |
2007 | ![]() |
Stuart O'Grady | Team CSC | |
2008 | ![]() |
Tom Boonen | Quick-Step | |
2009 | ![]() |
Tom Boonen | Quick-Step | |
2010 | ![]() |
Fabian Cancellara | Team Saxo Bank | |
2011 | ![]() |
Johan Vansummeren | Garmin–Cervélo | |
2012 | ![]() |
Tom Boonen | Omega Pharma–Quick-Step | |
2013 | ![]() |
Fabian Cancellara | RadioShack–Leopard | |
2014 | ![]() |
Niki Terpstra | Omega Pharma–Quick-Step | |
2015 | ![]() |
John Degenkolb | Team Giant–Alpecin | |
2016 | ![]() |
Mathew Hayman | Orica–GreenEDGE | |
2017 | ![]() |
Greg Van Avermaet | BMC Racing Team | |
2018 | ![]() |
Peter Sagan | Bora–Hansgrohe | |
2019 | ![]() |
Philippe Gilbert | Deceuninck–Quick-Step | |
2020 | No race | |||
2021 | ![]() |
Sonny Colbrelli | Team Bahrain Victorious | |
2022 | ![]() |
Dylan van Baarle | Ineos Grenadiers | |
2023 | ![]() |
Mathieu van der Poel | Alpecin–Deceuninck | |
2024 | ![]() |
Mathieu van der Poel | Alpecin–Deceuninck |
Wins by Country
Wins | Country |
---|---|
57 | ![]() |
28 | ![]() |
14 | ![]() |
9 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
1 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Most Individual Victories
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Fastest Races
Rider | Avg. speed | Year | Distance |
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
47.80 km/h (29.70 mph) | 2024 | 259.7 km (161.4 mi) |
![]() |
46.84 km/h (29.11 mph) | 2023 | 256.6 km (159.4 mi) |
![]() |
45.79 km/h (28.45 mph) | 2022 | 257.2 km (159.8 mi) |
![]() |
45.20 km/h (28.09 mph) | 2017 | 257.0 km (159.7 mi) |
![]() |
45.13 km/h (28.04 mph) | 1964 | 265.0 km (164.7 mi) |
![]() |
44.19 km/h (27.46 mph) | 2013 | 254.5 km (158.1 mi) |
![]() |
43.99 km/h (27.33 mph) | 1948 | 246 km (153 mi) |
![]() |
43.91 km/h (27.28 mph) | 2016 | 257.5 km (160.0 mi) |
![]() |
43.55 km/h (27.06 mph) | 2018 | 257.0 km (159.7 mi) |
![]() |
43.54 km/h (27.05 mph) | 1960 | 262.5 km (163.1 mi) |
![]() |
43.48 km/h (27.02 mph) | 2012 | 257.5 km (160.0 mi)}} |
![]() |
43.48 km/h (27.02 mph) | 2015 | 253.5 km (157.5 mi)}} |
![]() |
43.41 km/h (26.97 mph) | 2008 | 259.5 km (161.2 mi)}} |
- The record by Peter Post was set on an older course with fewer cobbles.
Other Race Records
- Most races finished – 16 times, by Raymond Impanis, Servais Knaven, and Mathew Hayman.
- Oldest winner – Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle, who was 38 years and 8 months old in 1993.
- Biggest winning gap (after WWII) – 5 minutes and 21 seconds, when Eddy Merckx won in 1970.
- Closest finish – 1 centimeter, between Eddy Planckaert and Steve Bauer in 1990.
- Slowest victory – 12 hours and 15 minutes, in 1919. This was because the roads were destroyed after World War I.
- Longest winning solo ride – 60 km, by Andrei Tchmil in 1994 and Mathieu van der Poel in 2024.
Other Cobbled Races
Paris–Roubaix is often compared to the Tour of Flanders in Belgium. Both are famous for their cobblestones. Paris–Roubaix is flatter and has tougher cobbles. The Tour of Flanders has many hills, some of which are also cobbled.
Other spring races like Omloop Het Nieuwsblad and Gent–Wevelgem also feature many cobblestones.
Rider | Year |
---|---|
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1923 |
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1932 |
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1934 |
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1954 |
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1957 |
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1962 |
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1977 |
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2003 |
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2005 |
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2010 |
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2012 |
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2013 |
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2024 |
Related Cycling Events
- U23 Paris–Roubaix: This is a race for younger, developing cyclists (under 23 years old).
- Paris–Roubaix Cyclo: This event lets amateur cyclists ride on the same famous cobbled sections. They can choose different distances. All who finish get a small cobblestone trophy.
- Paris–Roubaix Femmes: Since 2021, there has been a professional women's race. It uses the same tough terrain as the men's race, but over a shorter distance.
In the United States, some races or cycling events are named "Roubaix" because they also feature difficult or mixed terrain.
Images for kids
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Tom Boonen followed by Fabian Cancellara in the 2008 Paris–Roubaix
See also
In Spanish: París-Roubaix para niños