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Sergey Vladimirovich Mikhalkov
Михалков Сергей Владимирович.jpg
Mikhalkov celebrating his 90th birthday on 13 March 2003
Born
Sergey Vladimirovich Mikhalkov

13 March [O.S. 28 February] 1913
Died 27 August 2009(2009-08-27) (aged 96)
Resting place Novodevichy Cemetery
Occupation Chairman of the Union of Writers of the RSFSR, writer and lyricist, playwright
Years active 1935–2009
Known for Lyricist for the Soviet and Russian anthems
Spouse(s) Natalia Konchalovskaya (m. 1936–1988)
Yulia Subbotina (m. 1997–2009)
Children Nikita Mikhalkov
Andrei Konchalovsky
Relatives Mikhail Mikhalkov (brother)
Awards Hero of Socialist Labour, Order of St. Andrew

Sergey Vladimirovich Mikhalkov (Russian: Серге́й Влади́мирович Михалко́в; 13 March [O.S. 28 February] 1913 − 27 August 2009) was a Soviet and Russian author of children's books and satirical fables. He wrote the lyrics for the Soviet and Russian national anthems.

Life and career

Mikhalkov was born in Moscow, Russian Empire, to Vladimir Alexandrovich Mikhalkov and Olga Mikhailovna (née Glebova). Mikhalkov stemmed from the noble family of Mikhalkovs and had tsarist admirals, governors, and princes among his grandparents. Since the 1930s, he has rivaled Korney Chukovsky, Samuil Marshak and Agniya Barto as the most popular poet writing for Russophone children. His poems about enormously tall "Uncle Styopa" ("Дядя Стёпа") enjoyed particular popularity. Uncle Styopa is a friendly policeman always ready to rescue cats stuck up trees, and to perform other helpful deeds. In English, his name translates as Uncle Steeple.

As a 29-year-old in 1942, Mikhalkov's work drew the attention of the Soviet Union's leader Joseph Stalin, who commissioned him to write lyrics for a new national anthem. At the time, the country was deeply embroiled in World War II and Stalin wanted a Russian theme for the national anthem, to replace The Internationale.

Mikhalkov penned words to accompany a musical score by the composer Alexander Alexandrov (1883–1946) that became known as State Anthem of the Soviet Union. The new anthem was presented to Stalin in the summer of 1943 and was introduced as the country's new anthem on January 1, 1944.

Upon the death of Stalin in 1953, the lyrics, which mentioned him by name, were discarded during the process of de-Stalinization and the anthem continued to be used without words. Mikhalkov wrote new lyrics in 1970, but they were not submitted to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet until May 27, 1977. The new lyrics, which removed any reference to Stalin, were approved on September 1 and were made official with the printing of the new Soviet Constitution in October 1977.

During the Soviet era, Mikhalkov and his wife, Natalia Konchalovskaya, sometimes worked for the KGB, for example by presenting undercover KGB staff officers to foreign diplomats, as in the case of French ambassador Maurice Dejean, who was compromised by the KGB in the 1950s. His younger brother Mikhail Mikhalkov was also a notable writer as well as a KGB agent.

Vladimir Putin 13 March 2003-4
Mikhalkov receiving the Order for Service to the Fatherland 2nd Class from President of Russia Vladimir Putin on 13 March 2003.

Use of the Soviet anthem, with Mikhalkov's lyrics, continued until 1991, when it was retired by President Boris Yeltsin after the USSR dissolved. However, when Vladimir Putin took over from Yeltsin in 2000, he began to clamor for a restoration of Alexandrov's music in place of Yeltsin's choice.

Mikhalkov was 87 years old by this time and long since retired; in fact, he is better known in modern Russia (or rather – by the new generation of Russians) as the father of popular filmmakers Nikita Mikhalkov and Andrei Konchalovsky – who had dropped part of his name "Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky" when he left Russia. But when Putin's push to restore the old anthem began to pick up momentum, he picked up his pen once again, and wrote new lyrics to go with Alexandrov's score. The result was the National Anthem of Russia, which was officially adopted on December 30, 2000.

Apart from the national anthem, Mikhalkov produced a great number of satirical plays and provided scripts for several Soviet comedies. He also successfully revived a long derelict genre of satirical fable. He was awarded three Stalin Prizes (1941, 1942, 1950) and numerous other awards.

He resided in Moscow. On his 90th birthday in 2003, Putin personally visited him at his home to present him with the 2nd class Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", citing him for his contributions to the culture of Russia. Mikhalkov was also decorated with a Hero of Socialist Labour and the Order of Lenin, among others, for his work during the Soviet period.

In 1936, Mikhalkov married Natalia Petrovna Konchalovskaya (1903–1988), granddaughter of Vasily Surikov. They remained married for 53 years until her death. In 1997, Mikhalkov married physics professor Yulia Valeryevna Subbotina.

Mikhalkov died in his sleep at the age of 96 in a Moscow hospital. His funeral, held at the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, was attended by family, friends, and government officials. He was buried at Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow with full military honors.

Honours and awards

Russian Federation

  • St.AndrewOrder.png Order of St. Andrew (13 March 2008) - the highest Russian honour; for outstanding contributions to the development of national literature and for many years of creativity and social activities.
  • Orden for Service II.png Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 2nd Class (13 March 2003) - for outstanding contributions to the development of national culture.
  • Orden of Honour.png Order of Honour (13 March 1998) - for great personal contributions to the development of domestic multi-national culture.
  • Orden of Friendship.png Order of Friendship (20 February 1993) - for great personal contributions to the development of arts and literature, and the strengthening of inter-ethnic cultural relations and productive social activities.
  • Zhukov rib.png Medal of Zhukov
  • 50 years of victory rib.png Jubilee Medal "50 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
  • 60 victory rib.png Jubilee Medal "60 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
  • Ribbon Medal 850 Moscow.png Medal "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow"

Soviet Union

Decorations

  • HeroOfSocialistLabour.jpg Hero of Socialist Labour (1973)
  • Order of Lenin ribbon bar.png Order of Lenin ribbon bar.png Order of Lenin ribbon bar.png Order of Lenin ribbon bar.png Order of Lenin (1939, 1963, 1973, 1983)
  • Order october revolution rib.png Order of the October Revolution (1971)
  • Order of Red Banner ribbon bar.png Order of the Red Banner (28 February 1945) - for exemplary performance in command assignments at the front in the struggle against the Nazi invaders, and for displaying courage and heroism.
  • Order gpw1 rib.png Order of the Patriotic War, 1st Degree (1985)
  • Orderredbannerlabor rib.png Orderredbannerlabor rib.png Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1967, 1988)
  • Order redstar rib.png Order of the Red Star (7 March 1943) - for exemplary performance in command assignments at the front in the struggle against the Nazi invaders, and for displaying courage and heroism.
  • Order friendship of peoples rib.png Order of Friendship of Peoples
  • Defodessa.png Medal "For the Defence of Odessa"
  • Defsevastopol.png Medal "For the Defence of Sevastopol"
  • SU Medal For the Capture of Budapest ribbon.svg Medal "For the Capture of Budapest"
  • CaptureOfViennaRibbon.png Medal "For the Capture of Vienna"
  • Liberationprague rib.png Medal "For the Liberation of Prague"
  • Order of Glory Ribbon Bar.png Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
  • RibbonLabourDuringWar.png Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
  • VeteranLaborRibbon.png Medal "Veteran of Labour"
  • 20 years of victory rib.png Jubilee Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
  • 30 years of victory rib.png Jubilee Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
  • 40 years of victory rib.png Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
  • 100 lenin rib.png Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
  • 50 years saf rib.png Jubilee Medal "50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
  • 60 years saf rib.png Jubilee Medal "60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
  • 70 years saf rib.png Jubilee Medal "70 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
  • 800thMoscowRibbon.png Medal "In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow"

Prizes and awards

  • Lenin Prize (1970) - for poetry of recent years for primary-school children
  • State Prize of the USSR (1978) - for the Russian satirical newsreel "Wick" (latest edition)
  • Stalin Prize, 2nd Degree (1941) - for poetry for schoolchildren
  • Stalin Prize, 2nd Degree (1942) - for the film script "Front-Girlfriend"
  • Stalin Prize, 2nd Degree (1950) - for the plays "Ilya Golovin" and "I want to go home"
  • State Prize of the RSFSR Stanilavsky (1977) - for the satirical play "Foam", performed at the Moscow Theatre of Satire

Medal of N.K.Krupskaya Medal of K. D. Ushinsky

Foreign awards

  • OrderOfSaintCyrilAndSaintMethodiusRibbon.jpg Order of Saints Cyril and Methodius, 1st class (Bulgaria)
  • OrderOfThePeople'sRepublicOfBulgariaRibbon.jpg Order of The People's Republic of Bulgaria, 1st class (Bulgaria)
  • Order of Friendship Rib.png Order of Friendship (Czechoslovakia)
  • GDR Star of Friendship of Nations - Gold BAR.png Star of People's Friendship, Gold star (East Germany)
  • 50 Years Anniversary of the Mongolian Revolution rib.PNG Medal "50 Years of the Mongolian People's Revolution" (Mongolia)
  • POL Odznaka honorowa Zasluzony dla Kultury Polskiej.png Decoration of Honor Meritorious for Polish Culture (Poland)
  • POL Order Uśmiechu BAR.svg Order of the Smile (Poland)
  • PMR Order of Honour ribbon.svg Order of Honor (Transnistria)

Religious awards

  • Order of the Blessed Prince Dmitri of the Russian Orthodox Church "For mercy" (1998)
  • Order of St. Sergius, 2nd Class (1993), Russian Orthodox Church (1993)

See also

Kids robot.svg In Spanish: Serguéi Mijalkov para niños

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