kids encyclopedia robot

Shabbir Ahmad Usmani facts for kids

Kids Encyclopedia Facts
Quick facts for kids
Shabbir Ahmad Usmani
Shabbir Ahmad Usmani.jpg
Ameer of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
In office
1945–1949
Preceded by Position established
Succeeded by Zafar Ahmad Usmani
Member of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
In office
11 August 1947 – 13 December 1949
Member of the Constituent Assembly of India
In office
November 1946 – 11 August 1947
Religion Islam
Denomination Sunni
Founder of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
Personal
Born 11 October 1887
Bijnor, North-Western Provinces, British India
Died 13 December 1949(1949-12-13) (aged 62)
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur State, Pakistan
Resting place Islamia Science College (Karachi), Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Parents
  • Fazlur Rahman Usmani (father)
Relatives Usmani family of Deoband
Religious career
Students Athar Ali Bengali, Azizul Haque, Shah Abd al-Wahhab

Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (Urdu: شبیر احمد عثمانی; 11 October 1887 – 13 December 1949) was an Islamic scholar who supported the Pakistan Movement in the 1940s. He was appointed to the position of Shaykh al-Islām of Pakistan in 1949. He was the first to demand that Pakistan become an Islamic state. He was a religious scholar, writer, orator, politician, and an expert in Tafsir and Hadith.

Born in 1887 in Bijnor, Usmani was an alumnus of Darul Uloom Deoband. He was the son of Fazlur Rahman Usmani. His brother Azizur Rahman Usmani was the first Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband. Usmani was the first to hoist the Flag of Pakistan at Karachi on 14 August 1947, and led the funeral prayers of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. His major work is the Tafseer-e-Usmani, which he co-authored with his teacher Mahmud Hasan Deobandi.

Early life

He was born on 11 October 1887 in Bijnor, a city in North-Western Provinces, British India. His father, Fazlur Rahman Usmani, was a deputy inspector of schools and had been sent on assignment to Bareilly, when his son Shabbir was born. His nephews include Atiqur Rahman Usmani and Shams Naved Usmani.

Education and career

He was educated at Darul Uloom Deoband, where he became a disciple of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi, and graduated in 1908. After his graduation, he was appointed as a teacher at Darul Uloom Deoband.

In 1915, when Mahmud Hasan went into self-exile in Hijaz, Saudi Arabia, Usmani filled his position as the teacher of Sahih al-Muslim, a book of teachings of Muhammad. In 1925, Sultan Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia scheduled a conference for prominent religious scholars from all over the world. A deputation of a number of 'Ulema' from India participated in this conference. It is believed that they chose Usmani as their leader after having a short conversation with him.

In 1926, he moved to Dabhel, a small predominantly Deobandi town in the Indian state of Gujarat, and became a teacher at Jamiah Islamiah Talimuddin Dabhel. In October 1929, when the foundation committee decided to establish Jamia Millia Islamia, he was elected as a member of the founding committee. Many other Islamic scholars also were members of the Foundation Committee including Husain Ahmad Madani, Abdul Bari Firangi Mahali, Mahmud Hasan Deobandi, Kifayatullah Dihlawi, and Abdul Haq Akorwi. In 1933, when Anwar Shah Kashmiri died, Usmani became the teacher of Sahih al-Bukhari, a book of teachings by Muhammad.

Political career

Shabbir Ahmad Usmani was one of the founding members of Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi as he was a member of the Foundation Committee of the Jamia (University) that met on Friday, 29 October 1920. In 1944, he became a member of the All-India Muslim League and led a small group of Deobandis who supported the creation of Pakistan.

As a leader of this pro-Pakistan faction of Deobandis of the old Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Hind party, which was originally founded in Deoband in 1919, he went ahead and founded a new and separate political party called the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam in 1945, along with other like-minded pro-Pakistan religious leaders. He joined Muslim League in 1944 at a critical juncture of Pakistan movement when most of the feudals of N.W.F.P. and Punjab came under the influence of the Congress. Shabbir Ahmad Usmani with a team of 500 Ulema eliminated the influence of these corrupt feudals from these regions and converted the sentiments of common people toward Pakistan movement. The importance of Maulana Usmani is also conspicuous from the fact that the Quaid-i-Azam consulted him on all important matters after independence. He served JUI as its first president until his death in 1949. Usmani, with a team of approximately 500 other religious leaders, actively campaigned to convert the sentiments of common Muslim people in favor of the Pakistan movement. He played a key role in steering people away from some of the leaders in Punjab, British India and N.W.F.P. who were previously supporting All India National Congress in those regions. In fact, he became a close consultant of Jinnah after the independence of Pakistan in 1947. He is also notable for having led the funeral prayer of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan in September 1948.

When Pakistan became independent, its first flag hoisting was also done (in West Pakistan) by him in the presence of Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Liaqat Ali Khan (while in East Pakistan, his fellow, Allama Zafar Ahamd Usmani, did the flag hoisting in the presence of Khwaja Nazimuddin).

After the Partition of India, Usmani became a member of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, and remained a member until his death in 1949.

He is best remembered for having spearheaded the Qarardad-i-Maqasid Objectives Resolution for Pakistan, which was passed by the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on March 12, 1949.

In 1946 Usmani furnished the Quranic basis for the establishment of Pakistan by citing the distinction between momin (believer) and kafir (non-believer).

Death and legacy

Usmani died at Baghdadul Jadid in Bahawalpur State on 13 December 1949, and was buried at Islamia Science College (Karachi) the next day.

Pakistan Postal Services issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honor in 1990 in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series.

Books

Title Description
Tafsir-e-Usmani an Urdu translation of the tafsir of the Quran written by Mahmud ul Hasan
Fath al-Mulhim bi-Sharh Sahih al-Imam Muslim a commentary on Sahih Muslim
Al-‘Aql wan-Naql a philosophical study on the relation between faith and reason from an Islamic perspective
I’jaz ul-Qur’an on the miraculous nature of the Qur’an
Mas’alah-yi taqdir on predestination in Islam

Sources

  • فتح الملہم از مولانا شبیر احمد عثمانیؒ اور منتہ المنعم از مولانا صفی الرحمن مبارکپوریؒ کے مناہج کا تقابلی مطالعہ
  • Allama Sahabbir Ahmed Uthmani's Efforts for Islamization in Pakistan
  • Hassan, Hafiz Muhammad
  • Rizwan Hussain. Pakistan and the emergence of Islamic militancy in Afghanistan. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2005

ISBN: 0-7546-4434-0, ISBN: 978-0-7546-4434-7

kids search engine
Shabbir Ahmad Usmani Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.