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António Ramalho Eanes
President Eanes restored.jpg
Ramalho Eanes in 1983
16th President of Portugal
In office
14 July 1976 – 9 March 1986
Prime Minister Mário Soares
Alfredo Nobre da Costa
Carlos Mota Pinto
Maria de Lurdes Pintasilgo
Francisco Sá Carneiro
Francisco Pinto Balsemão
Aníbal Cavaco Silva
Preceded by Francisco da Costa Gomes
Succeeded by Mário Soares
President of the Democratic Renewal Party
In office
19 August 1986 – 5 August 1987
Vice President Hermínio Martinho
Preceded by Hermínio Martinho
Succeeded by Hermínio Martinho
President of the Revolutionary Council
In office
14 July 1976 – 30 September 1982
Preceded by Francisco da Costa Gomes
Succeeded by Office abolished
Chief of the Armed Forces General Staff
In office
14 July 1976 – 16 February 1981
Preceded by Francisco da Costa Gomes
Succeeded by Nuno de Melo Egídio
Chief of the Army General Staff
In office
6 December 1975 – 14 July 1976
Preceded by Carlos Soares Fabião
Succeeded by Vasco Rocha Vieira
Chair of Radio and Television of Portugal
In office
28 October 1974 – 11 March 1975
Preceded by Casimiro Gomes
Succeeded by João António de Figueiredo
Member of the Assembly of the Republic
In office
13 August 1987 – 3 November 1991
Constituency Lisbon
Personal details
Born
António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes

(1935-01-25) 25 January 1935 (age 89)
Alcains, Castelo Branco, Portugal
Political party Independent (1974–1986; 1991–present)
Other political
affiliations
Democratic Renewal Party (1986–1991)
Spouse
Manuela Ramalho Eanes
(m. 1970)
Children 2
Alma mater Military Academy
Signature
Military service
Allegiance  Portugal
Branch/service  Portuguese Army
Years of service 1952–1986
Rank General
Battles/wars Portuguese Colonial War

António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes (pronounced [ɐ̃ˈtɔnju ʁɐˈmaʎu iˈɐnɨʃ]; born 25 January 1935) is a Portuguese general and politician who was the 16th president of Portugal from 1976 to 1986.

Background

Born at Alcains, Castelo Branco, he is the son of Manuel dos Santos Eanes, a general contractor, and Maria do Rosário Ramalho.

Political career

Antonio dos Santos Ramalho Eanes DF-SC-84-10029
António Ramalho Eanes (left), while president, departs after a state visit to the United States. Secretary of State George Shultz is on the right. (USAF)

After a long military career in the Portuguese Colonial Wars, Eanes was stationed in Portuguese Angola when the 25 April revolution of 1974 took place. He joined the Movimento das Forças Armadas (MFA or Armed Forces Movement) and after returning to Portugal was made president of RTP (Portuguese public television). He ordered the military operations against the pro-communist radical faction of the MFA on 25 November 1975, an event known as the 25 de Novembro, ending that year's "hot summer" (Verão quente).

In 1976 he was elected President of Portugal. At the end of 1980 he was re-elected, serving until March 1986. After his presidency, he headed the Democratic Renewal Party (Portuguese: Partido Renovador Democrático), and continued to support the Social Democratic Party (PSD) minority government until 1987. He resigned in 1987 after being defeated by PSD in the legislative election.

He is a member of the Portuguese Council of State, as a former elected president of Portugal.

He rejected any suggestion of becoming a Marshal, considering the title unnecessary.

Honours

National

  • PRT Order of Prince Henry - Grand Collar BAR.svg Grand Collar of the Order of Prince Henry (GColIH, 20 June 2016)
  • PRT Order of Liberty - Grand Collar BAR.svg Grand Collar of the Order of Liberty (GColL, 18 December 2015)
  • PRT Order of Liberty - Grand Cross BAR.svg Grand Cross of the Order of Liberty (GCL, 25 April 2004)
  • PRT Military Order of the Tower and of the Sword - Grand Collar.svg Grand Collar of the Military Order of the Tower and Sword (GColTE, 9 March 1986)
  • PRT Military Order of Aviz - Knight BAR.svg Knight of the Military Order of Aviz (CvA, 19 January 1972)

Foreign

Family

He married at the Palace of Queluz on 28 October 1970 to Maria Manuela Duarte Neto Portugal (b. 29 December 1938), who was one of Portugal's most politically active First Ladies. They had two sons, Manuel António (b. 5 May 1972) and Miguel (b. 20 October 1977).

Electoral history

Presidential election, 1976

ed {{{2}}}
Candidate Votes %
António Ramalho Eanes 2,967,137 61.6
Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho 792,760 16.5
José Pinheiro de Azevedo 692,147 14.4
Octávio Pato 365,586 7.6
Blank/Invalid ballots 63,495
Turnout 4,881,125 75.47
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

Presidential election, 1980

ed {{{2}}}
Candidate Votes %
António Ramalho Eanes 3,262,520 56.4
António Soares Carneiro 2,325,481 40.2
Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho 85,896 1.5
Carlos Galvão de Melo 48,468 0.8
António Pires Veloso 45,132 0.8
António Aires Rodrigues 12,745 0.2
Blank/Invalid ballots 60,090
Turnout 5,840,332 84.39
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

PRD leadership election, 1986

ed {{{2}}}
Candidate Votes %
António Ramalho Eanes Voice vote
Turnout 100.0
Source: Results

Legislative election, 1987

ed {{{2}}}
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
PSD Aníbal Cavaco Silva 2,850,784 50.2 148 +60
PS Vítor Constâncio 1,262,506 22.2 60 +3
CDU Álvaro Cunhal 689,137 12.1 31 –7
PRD António Ramalho Eanes 278,561 4.9 7 –38
CDS Adriano Moreira 251,987 4.4 4 –18
Other parties 219,715 3.9 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 123,668 2.2
Turnout 5,676,358 71.57 250 ±0
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

See also

Kids robot.svg In Spanish: António Ramalho Eanes para niños

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