Hayam Wuruk facts for kids
Quick facts for kids Sri Rajasanagara Jayawishnuwardhana |
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Modern artist impression of Hayam Wuruk
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| King of Majapahit | |||||
| Reign | 1350 – 1389 | ||||
| Predecessor | Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi | ||||
| Successor | Wikramawardhana | ||||
| Born | 1334 Majapahit Empire |
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| Died | 1389 (aged 54–55) Majapahit Empire |
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| Spouse | Paduka Sori Concubine (Wirabhumi's mother) |
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| Dynasty | Rajasa dynasty | ||||
| Father | Cakradhara | ||||
| Mother | Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi | ||||
| Religion | Hinduism | ||||
Hayam Wuruk, also known as Rajasanagara, was a powerful Javanese Hindu king. He ruled the Majapahit Empire, an ancient kingdom in Java, from 1350 to 1389. He was the fourth king of this empire.
During his reign, Hayam Wuruk worked closely with his prime minister, Gajah Mada. Together, they led the Majapahit Empire to its greatest power and size. This was a time when the famous Hindu stories, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, became very important in Javanese culture. People learned these stories through wayang kulit, which are traditional leather puppet shows.
Hayam Wuruk's mother, Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi, was the previous queen. After his rule, his son-in-law, Wikramawardhana, became king. Most of what we know about Hayam Wuruk comes from two important ancient texts: the Nagarakretagama and the Pararaton.
Early Life of Hayam Wuruk
Hayam Wuruk was born in 1334 CE. This was the same year that Mount Kelud, a volcano, erupted. Some people at the time believed this eruption was a special sign. They thought it meant that a god had come to Earth as the new Javanese king. In the same year, Gajah Mada made his famous Palapa Oath, promising to unite the archipelago.
Hayam Wuruk's name means "scholar rooster." His mother was Queen Tribhuwana Tunggadewi. His father was Sri Kertawardhana. Both of his parents came from important royal families.
Ancient texts describe Hayam Wuruk as a handsome and very smart young man. He was excellent at many things, including archery and fencing. He also studied politics and religious scriptures. Besides his studies, he was talented in arts and music. He was known for being a skilled dancer in court ceremonies, sometimes performing traditional Javanese mask dances. His mother, Queen Tribhuwana, prepared him carefully to become the next ruler of Majapahit.
Becoming King
In 1350, Hayam Wuruk's grandmother, Gayatri Rajapatni, passed away. She was a very respected figure and the first king's wife. Queen Tribhuwana had been ruling Majapahit under her grandmother's guidance. When Gayatri died, Queen Tribhuwana stepped down from the throne.
This meant that Hayam Wuruk became king in 1350. He was only 16 years old at the time. His prime minister, Gajah Mada, was already a very powerful and experienced leader. With Gajah Mada's help, Majapahit grew even stronger. The empire's influence spread across many islands in the Indonesian archipelago.
Hayam Wuruk's Reign and Legacy
During his rule, King Hayam Wuruk planned to marry Princess Dyah Pitaloka Citraresmi from the Sunda Kingdom. This marriage was likely meant to create a strong friendship between Majapahit and Sunda. However, this plan ended in a sad event known as the Battle of Bubat. The Sunda royal family and their guards had a conflict with Majapahit troops. The princess and her family tragically died. Some people blamed Prime Minister Gajah Mada for this event. They believed his strong demands for Sunda to submit led to the conflict.
Later, Hayam Wuruk married his half-sister, Paduka Sori. They shared the same father but had different mothers.
In 1365, a poet named Mpu Prapanca wrote a famous poem called the Nagarakretagama. This poem praised King Hayam Wuruk. It described his royal trips around the Majapahit kingdom. He visited villages, holy places, and other areas in East Java.
Hayam Wuruk also sent official representatives to China between 1370 and 1381. This showed Majapahit's importance in the region.
King Hayam Wuruk had a daughter named Kusumawardhani with Queen Sori. Kusumawardhani later married her cousin, Prince Wikramawardhana. Hayam Wuruk also had a son, Prince Wirabhumi, with another woman.
After Hayam Wuruk died in 1389, the empire faced problems. His daughter's husband, Wikramawardhana, and his son, Wirabhumi, both wanted to be king. This led to a conflict known as the Paregreg war. Wikramawardhana eventually won and became the next King of Majapahit.
Hayam Wuruk's time as king was very important for Javanese culture. His reign helped spread Hinduism and Sanskritization (the influence of Sanskrit language and Indian culture) throughout Java. This made Javanese culture even richer and more connected to the wider Indosphere of Greater India.
See also
In Spanish: Hayam Wuruk para niños
