Juan Perón facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Juan Domingo Perón
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Juan Perón in 1940
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| 29th & 41st President of Argentina | |
| In office 12 October 1973 – 1 July 1974 |
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| Vice President | Isabel Martínez de Perón |
| Preceded by | Raúl Lastiri |
| Succeeded by | Isabel Martínez de Perón |
| In office 4 June 1946 – 21 September 1955 |
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| Vice President | Hortensio Quijano Alberto Teisaire |
| Preceded by | Edelmiro Farrell |
| Succeeded by | Eduardo Lonardi |
| Vice President of Argentina De facto |
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| In office 8 July 1944 – 10 October 1945 |
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| President | Edelmiro Farrell |
| Preceded by | Edelmiro Farrell |
| Succeeded by | Juan Pistarini |
| Minister of War | |
| In office 24 February 1944 – 10 October 1945 |
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| President | Pedro Pablo Ramírez Edelmiro Farrell |
| Preceded by | Pedro Pablo Ramírez |
| Succeeded by | Eduardo Ávalos |
| Secretary of Labour and Social Security | |
| In office 1 December 1943 – 10 October 1945 |
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| President | Pedro Pablo Ramírez Edelmiro Farrell |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Domingo Mercante |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Juan Domingo Perón
8 October 1895 Lobos, Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Died | 1 July 1974 (aged 78) Olivos, Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Political party | Labour (1945–1947) Justicialist (1947–1974) |
| Spouses |
Aurelia Tizón
(m. 1929; |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Argentina |
| Branch/service |  Argentine Army |
| Years of service | 1913–1945 |
| Rank |  Lieutenant General |
Juan Domingo Perón (8 October 1895 – 1 July 1974) was an Argentine Army general and politician. After serving in several government positions, including Minister of Labor and Vice President, he was elected President of Argentina three times, serving from June 1946 to September 1955, when he was overthrown in a revolution and then from October 1973 until his death in July 1974.
During his first presidential term (1946–52), Perón was supported by his second wife, Eva Duarte ("Evita"), and they were immensely popular among many Argentines. Eva died in 1952, and Perón was elected to a second term, serving from 1952 until 1955.
During the following period of two military dictatorships, interrupted by two civilian governments, the Peronist party was outlawed and Perón was exiled.
When Hector Cámpora was elected President in 1973, Perón was able to return to Argentina and was soon after elected President for a third time. His third wife, María Estela Martínez, known as Isabel Perón, was elected as Vice President and succeeded him as President upon his death in 1974.
Juan and Evita Perón are considered icons by the Peronists. The Peróns' followers praised their efforts to eliminate poverty and to dignify labour. The Peróns gave their name to the political movement known as Peronism, which in present-day Argentina is represented mainly by the Justicialist Party. Peronism is not considered a traditional party, but a political movement, because of the wide variety of people who call themselves Peronists.
Early life
Juan Domingo Perón was born in Lobos, Buenos Aires Province. Juan was sent away in 1904 to a boarding school in Buenos Aires directed by his paternal grandmother, where he received a strict Catholic upbringing. He then entered the National Military College in 1911 at age 16 and graduated in 1913.
Perón began his military career in an Infantry post in Paraná, Entre Ríos, later onhe went on to command the post. He earned instructor's credentials at the Superior War School, and in 1929 was appointed to the Army General Staff Headquarters. He served as military attaché in the Argentine Embassy in Chile from 1936 to 1938.
Perón was assigned by the War Ministry to study mountain warfare in the Italian Alps in 1939. He also attended the University of Turin for a semester and served as a military observer in countries across Europe. He studied Benito Mussolini's Italian Fascism, Nazi Germany, and other European governments of the time. He returned to Argentina in 1941, and served as an Army skiing instructor in Mendoza Province.
Eva Perón's influence and contribution
Eva Perón was instrumental as a symbol of hope to the common laborer during the first five-year plan. When she died in 1952, the year of the presidential elections, the people felt they had lost an ally. Coming from humble origins, she was loathed by the elite but adored by the poor for her work with the sick, elderly, and orphans. It was due to her behind-the-scenes work that women's suffrage was granted in 1947 and a feminist wing of the 3rd party in Argentina was formed. Evita supported a women's movement that concentrated on the rights of women, the poor and the disabled.
She established the Eva Perón Foundation in 1948, which was perhaps the greatest contribution to her husband's social policy. The Foundation had 14,000 employees and founded hundreds of new schools, clinics, old-age homes and holiday facilities; it also distributed hundreds of thousands of household necessities, physicians' visits and scholarships, among other benefits.
Among the best-known of the Foundation's many large construction projects are the Evita City development south of Buenos Aires (25,000 homes) and the "Republic of the Children", a theme park based on tales from the Brothers Grimm.
The portion of the five-year plans which argued for full employment, public healthcare and housing, labour benefits, and raises are a result of Eva's influence on the policy-making of Perón in his first term. The humanitarian relief efforts embedded in the five-year plan are also Eva's creation, which endeared the Peronist movement to the working-class people from which Eva had come.
Death
Juan Perón on July 1, 1974, in Buenos Aires. His wife, Isabel, held onto the presidency until a military coup headed by General Jorge Videla removed her from power on March 24, 1976.
Perón was buried in La Chacarita Cemetery in Buenos Aires. On 10 June 1987, his tomb was desecrated, some personal effects, including his sword, were stolen. On 17 October 2006, his was moved to a mausoleum at his former summer residence, rebuilt as a museum, in the Buenos Aires suburb of San Vicente.
Images for kids
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Lt. Perón (left) and General José Uriburu (middle), with whose right-wing coup in 1930 he collaborated. Perón backed the more moderate General Agustín Justo, however.
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Peron in 1940
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President Edelmiro Farrell (left) and his benefactor, Vice President and Colonel Juan Perón, in April 1945.
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Demonstration for Perón's release on 17 October 1945
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Juan and Eva Perón
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Lt. General Perón in military uniform, drinking coffee (1950 or later)
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President Perón at his 1946 inaugural parade
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Ángel Borlenghi, an erstwhile socialist who, as Interior Minister, oversaw new labour courts and the opposition's activities.
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President Perón (right) signs the nationalization of British-owned railways watched by Ambassador Sir Reginald Leeper, March 1948.
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As president, Perón took an active interest in the development of sports in Argentina, hosting international events and sponsoring athletes such as the boxer, José María Gatica (left).
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Repairs at the Río Santiago Shipyards
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Reservoir of the Valle Grande hydroelectric dam, near San Rafael, Mendoza
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A hospital near Rosario, one of hundreds built during the Perón years
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Production line at the state military industries facility, 1950; on line since 1927, Perón's budgets modernized and expanded the complex.
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First Lady Eva Perón (left) tending to the needy in her capacity as head of her foundation
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Partial view of the "Children's Republic" theme park.
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An August 1951 rally organized by the CGT for a Perón-Evita ticket failed to overcome military objections to her, and the ailing first lady withdrew.
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Union leader Cipriano Reyes, jailed for years for turning against Perón
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Nazi exile network principal Rodolfo Freude (2nd from left) and President Perón (2nd from right), who appointed Freude Director of the Argentine Intelligence Secretariat
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Ronald Richter (left) with Juan Perón (right).
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Juan Perón and José Ber Gelbard
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Evita and Juan Perón at the Plaza de Mayo, 1951. Raúl Apold is visible behind Perón.
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Golda Meir talks with Evita Perón on Meir's visit to Argentina, 1951.
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Perón and the ailing Evita during his second inaugural parade, June 1952. Eva died the following month.
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Designed and manufactured in Argentina, the Justicialist was part of Perón's effort to develop a local auto industry.
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The Alas Building under construction
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Perón greeting Augusto Pinochet at Morón Airbase on 14 May 1974.
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Perón Street in midtown Buenos Aires, one of numerous streets and avenues named in his honor when democracy returned to Argentina in 1983. It refers to him as General and not President.
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The new leader, General Eduardo Lonardi, waves in a 1955 newsmagazine cover. His gradualist approach to "de-Perónization" led to his prompt ousting.
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First meeting of the Junta's Civilian Advisory Board, 1955. Despite great pressure to the contrary, the board recommended that most of Perón's social reforms be kept in place.
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Student unrest in Rosario, 1969 (the Rosariazo). Unable to return on his volition, Perón began rallying besieged leftist students (the very people he had repressed in office).
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UCR leader Ricardo Balbín, Conservative Horacio Thedy and Perón's delegate, Daniel Paladino (middle three) find rare common cause after General Levingston's 1970 power grab. Their joint Hour of the People statement helped lead to elections in 1973 (and to Perón's return).
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Perón hosts the head of the opposition UCR, Ricardo Balbín, at his home in preparations for the 1973 campaign.
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José López Rega, Perón's personal secretary, proved a detrimental influence over the aging leader, leveraging this for corruption and revenge.
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Perón greets supporters during a 12 June 1974 rally, his last.
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Juan and Isabel Perón with Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu during their state visit to Argentina on 6 March 1974.
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Perón's funeral cortège along the Avenida de Mayo.
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Perón's stand-in, Héctor Cámpora, votes in the 1973 elections. Perón nominated Cámpora to placate the Left, but their support for Perón waned after the leader made them guilty by association for the growing wave of violence.
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See also
In Spanish: Juan Domingo Perón para niños
