Juan Perón facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Juan Domingo Perón
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Juan Perón in 1940
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| 29th & 41st President of Argentina | |
| In office 12 October 1973 – 1 July 1974 |
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| Vice President | Isabel Martínez de Perón |
| Preceded by | Raúl Lastiri |
| Succeeded by | Isabel Martínez de Perón |
| In office 4 June 1946 – 21 September 1955 |
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| Vice President | Hortensio Quijano Alberto Teisaire |
| Preceded by | Edelmiro Farrell |
| Succeeded by | Eduardo Lonardi |
| Vice President of Argentina De facto |
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| In office 8 July 1944 – 10 October 1945 |
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| President | Edelmiro Farrell |
| Preceded by | Edelmiro Farrell |
| Succeeded by | Juan Pistarini |
| Minister of War | |
| In office 24 February 1944 – 10 October 1945 |
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| President | Pedro Pablo Ramírez Edelmiro Farrell |
| Preceded by | Pedro Pablo Ramírez |
| Succeeded by | Eduardo Ávalos |
| Secretary of Labour and Social Security | |
| In office 1 December 1943 – 10 October 1945 |
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| President | Pedro Pablo Ramírez Edelmiro Farrell |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Domingo Mercante |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Juan Domingo Perón
8 October 1895 Lobos, Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Died | 1 July 1974 (aged 78) Olivos, Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Political party | Labour (1945–1947) Justicialist (1947–1974) |
| Spouses |
Aurelia Tizón
(m. 1929; |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Argentina |
| Branch/service |  Argentine Army |
| Years of service | 1913–1945 |
| Rank |  Lieutenant General |
Juan Domingo Perón (born October 8, 1895 – died July 1, 1974) was an important Argentine Army general and politician. He served as President of Argentina three times. His first time was from June 1946 to September 1955. He was then elected again in October 1973 and served until his death in July 1974.
During his first time as president, from 1946 to 1952, Perón was very popular. He had strong support from his second wife, Eva Duarte, often called "Evita." They were both loved by many people in Argentina.
After Eva passed away in 1952, Perón was elected for a second term. He served until 1955, when he was removed from power. During the years that followed, his political party, known as Peronism, was not allowed, and Perón had to live outside Argentina.
In 1973, Hector Cámpora became president, which allowed Perón to return home. Soon after, Perón was elected president for a third time. His third wife, María Estela Martínez (Isabel Perón), became Vice President. When Juan Perón died in 1974, she became president.
Juan and Evita Perón are still seen as very important figures by their followers, called Peronists. Many people admired their efforts to help people escape poverty and to make work more respected. The political ideas they started are known as Peronism. Today, the Justicialist Party mainly represents these ideas in Argentina. Peronism is seen more as a big political movement than a traditional party because many different kinds of people support it.
Contents
Juan Perón's Early Life and Military Career
Juan Domingo Perón was born in Lobos, a town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. In 1904, when he was nine years old, Juan went to a boarding school in Buenos Aires. His grandmother ran the school, and he had a strict Catholic education there.
When he was 16, in 1911, he joined the National Military College. He finished his studies there in 1913. Perón began his military career in the Infantry in Paraná, Entre Ríos. He later became the commander of that post.
He also became an instructor at the Superior War School. In 1929, he was appointed to the Army General Staff Headquarters. From 1936 to 1938, he worked as a military attaché at the Argentine Embassy in Chile.
In 1939, the War Ministry sent Perón to study mountain warfare in the Italian Alps. He also spent a semester at the University of Turin and observed military activities in other European countries. He studied different governments of that time, including Benito Mussolini's Italian Fascism and Nazi Germany. He returned to Argentina in 1941 and worked as an Army skiing instructor in Mendoza Province.
Eva Perón's Important Work and Influence
Eva Perón was a very important person and a symbol of hope for working people during Argentina's first "five-year plan." When she passed away in 1952, the same year as the presidential elections, many people felt they had lost a true friend.
Eva came from a humble background. While some wealthy people disliked her, the poor loved her for her work helping the sick, the elderly, and orphans. Because of her efforts, women in Argentina gained the right to vote in 1947. She also helped create a women's group within the political party that focused on the rights of women, the poor, and people with disabilities.
In 1948, Eva started the Eva Perón Foundation. This foundation was a huge help to her husband's social plans. It had 14,000 employees and built many new schools, clinics, homes for the elderly, and places for people to go on holiday. The foundation also gave out many household items, arranged doctor visits, and offered scholarships.
Some of the most famous projects built by the Foundation include the Evita City development near Buenos Aires, which had 25,000 homes. Another well-known project was the "Republic of the Children," a fun theme park based on classic fairy tales.
Eva's influence was key to many of Perón's policies during his first term. These included plans for full employment, public healthcare, housing, benefits for workers, and pay raises. Her focus on helping people in need, especially the working class, made the Peronist movement very popular with ordinary Argentines.
Juan Perón's Final Years
Juan Perón passed away on July 1, 1974, in Buenos Aires. His wife, Isabel, continued as president until a military takeover led by General Jorge Videla removed her from power on March 24, 1976.
Perón was first buried in La Chacarita Cemetery in Buenos Aires. Later, on October 17, 2006, his remains were moved to a special mausoleum at his old summer home. This home was rebuilt as a museum in San Vicente, a suburb of Buenos Aires.
Images for kids
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Lt. Perón (left) and General José Uriburu (middle), with whose right-wing coup in 1930 he collaborated. Perón backed the more moderate General Agustín Justo, however.
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Peron in 1940
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President Edelmiro Farrell (left) and his benefactor, Vice President and Colonel Juan Perón, in April 1945.
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Demonstration for Perón's release on 17 October 1945
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Juan and Eva Perón
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Lt. General Perón in military uniform, drinking coffee (1950 or later)
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President Perón at his 1946 inaugural parade
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Ángel Borlenghi, an erstwhile socialist who, as Interior Minister, oversaw new labour courts and the opposition's activities.
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President Perón (right) signs the nationalization of British-owned railways watched by Ambassador Sir Reginald Leeper, March 1948.
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As president, Perón took an active interest in the development of sports in Argentina, hosting international events and sponsoring athletes such as the boxer, José María Gatica (left).
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Repairs at the Río Santiago Shipyards
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Reservoir of the Valle Grande hydroelectric dam, near San Rafael, Mendoza
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A hospital near Rosario, one of hundreds built during the Perón years
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Production line at the state military industries facility, 1950; on line since 1927, Perón's budgets modernized and expanded the complex.
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First Lady Eva Perón (left) tending to the needy in her capacity as head of her foundation
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Partial view of the "Children's Republic" theme park.
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An August 1951 rally organized by the CGT for a Perón-Evita ticket failed to overcome military objections to her, and the ailing first lady withdrew.
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Union leader Cipriano Reyes, jailed for years for turning against Perón
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Nazi exile network principal Rodolfo Freude (2nd from left) and President Perón (2nd from right), who appointed Freude Director of the Argentine Intelligence Secretariat
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Ronald Richter (left) with Juan Perón (right).
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Juan Perón and José Ber Gelbard
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Evita and Juan Perón at the Plaza de Mayo, 1951. Raúl Apold is visible behind Perón.
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Golda Meir talks with Evita Perón on Meir's visit to Argentina, 1951.
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Perón and the ailing Evita during his second inaugural parade, June 1952. Eva died the following month.
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Designed and manufactured in Argentina, the Justicialist was part of Perón's effort to develop a local auto industry.
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The Alas Building under construction
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Perón greeting Augusto Pinochet at Morón Airbase on 14 May 1974.
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Perón Street in midtown Buenos Aires, one of numerous streets and avenues named in his honor when democracy returned to Argentina in 1983. It refers to him as General and not President.
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The new leader, General Eduardo Lonardi, waves in a 1955 newsmagazine cover. His gradualist approach to "de-Perónization" led to his prompt ousting.
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First meeting of the Junta's Civilian Advisory Board, 1955. Despite great pressure to the contrary, the board recommended that most of Perón's social reforms be kept in place.
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Student unrest in Rosario, 1969 (the Rosariazo). Unable to return on his volition, Perón began rallying besieged leftist students (the very people he had repressed in office).
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UCR leader Ricardo Balbín, Conservative Horacio Thedy and Perón's delegate, Daniel Paladino (middle three) find rare common cause after General Levingston's 1970 power grab. Their joint Hour of the People statement helped lead to elections in 1973 (and to Perón's return).
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Perón hosts the head of the opposition UCR, Ricardo Balbín, at his home in preparations for the 1973 campaign.
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José López Rega, Perón's personal secretary, proved a detrimental influence over the aging leader, leveraging this for corruption and revenge.
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Perón greets supporters during a 12 June 1974 rally, his last.
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Juan and Isabel Perón with Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu during their state visit to Argentina on 6 March 1974.
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Perón's funeral cortège along the Avenida de Mayo.
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Perón's stand-in, Héctor Cámpora, votes in the 1973 elections. Perón nominated Cámpora to placate the Left, but their support for Perón waned after the leader made them guilty by association for the growing wave of violence.
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See also
In Spanish: Juan Domingo Perón para niños
