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Golda Meir Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.
Golda Meir facts for kids
| Golda Meir גּוֹלְדָּה מֵאִיר جولدا مائير |
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| 4th Prime Minister of Israel | |
| In office March 17 1969 – June 3 1974 |
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| Preceded by | Levi Eshkol |
| Succeeded by | Yitzhak Rabin |
| Personal details | |
| Born | May 3, 1898 Kiev, Russian Empire |
| Died | December 8, 1978 (aged 80) Jerusalem, Israel |
| Political party | Mapai, Alignment |
Golda Meir (pronounced [Gol-da My-ear]; Hebrew: גולדה מאיר, Arabic: جولدا مائير, born Golda Mabovitch, May 3 1898 - December 8 1978, known as Golda Myerson from 1917 to 1956) was the fourth prime minister of the State of Israel.
Golda Meir became Prime Minister of Israel on March 17 1969 after serving as Minister of Labour and Foreign Minister. She was said to be the "Iron Lady" (a strong minded woman) of Israel's politics years before that name became said about the British prime minister, Margaret Thatcher. Meir was Israel's first and so far only female prime minister. She was the world's third female prime minister. The two biggest events of her time as prime minister were the murder of eleven Israeli athletes at the 1972 Summer Olympic Games and the 1973 Yom Kippur War. After questions about her handling of the war, Meir resigned from her job even though she had been found to be not to blame for problems with the war.
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Before she became prime minister
Her name at birth was Golda Mabovitch (Ukrainian: Голда Мабович) in Kiev in the former Russian Empire (today Ukraine), to Blume Naidich and Moshe Mabovitch, a carpenter. The family moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Her father found a job as a carpenter, and her mother ran a grocery store. At the age of eight, she was already put in charge of watching the store when her mother went to the market for supplies. At age 14, Golda went to North Division High School and worked part-time. Her mother wanted her to leave school and marry, but she did not. She ran away from home and bought a train ticket to Denver, Colorado, and went to live with her married sister, Sheyna Korngold. The Korngolds held evening meetings at their home where Meir learned about the Jew's desire for a country of their own, literature, women's rights, trade unions and more. In Denver, she also met Morris Meyerson, a sign painter, whom she later married at the age of 19.
During time as prime minister
The two biggest things to happen during her time as prime minister were; the murder of eleven Israeli athletes at the 1972 Summer Olympic Games by the terrorist group Black September, and the twenty day war called the Yom Kippur War between Israel and the Arab states led by Egypt and Syria in October 1973.
End of time in office
The Yom Kippur War was from October 6 to October 26, 1973 and was between a group of Arab countries led by Syria and Egypt against Israel. Israel was surprised by the attack and after the Yom Kippur War, the government was asked questions about Israel's not being ready for the war. A group of people who were asked to look into the war cleared her of direct blame, and her party won the elections in December 1973, but she left on April 11 1974, because of what she felt the people of Israel wanted. Yitzhak Rabin became prime minister after her on June 3 1974.
In 1975, Meir was awarded the Israel Prize for her services to the State of Israel.
Death
On December 8 1978, Golda Meir died of cancer in Jerusalem at the age of 80. She was buried Helkat Gdolei Ha'uma in Mount Herzl in Jerusalem on December 12 1978.
Images for kids
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Golda Meir, before 1910
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Golda Meir in Milwaukee, 1914
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Golda Meir in the fields at Kibbutz Merhavia (1920s)
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Meir surrounded by crowd of 50,000 Jews near Moscow Choral Synagogue on the first day of Rosh Hashanah in 1948.
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Golda Meir at first session of the third government (1951)
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Meir with U.S. President John F. Kennedy, 27 December 1962.
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Meir (center) with Pat and Richard Nixon in 1973.
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US President Richard Nixon and Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir meeting on 1 March 1973 in the Oval Office. Nixon's National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger is to the right of Nixon.
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Golda Meir Square is designated in New York City south of Times Square
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Israeli 10 New Sheqalim Banknote commemorating Golda Meir (1985–1992).