List of treaties of the Confederate States of America facts for kids
The Confederate States of America (often called the CSA) was a group of southern states that broke away from the United States during the American Civil War. Most countries around the world did not officially recognize the CSA as an independent country. This meant the CSA usually couldn't make official agreements, known as treaties, with other nations.
However, the CSA did make some important agreements with Native American tribes. These agreements were like treaties between different groups of people.
Treaties with Native American Tribes
During the American Civil War, the Confederate States of America wanted to form alliances with Native American tribes. These tribes lived in an area known as Indian Territory, which is now mostly the state of Oklahoma.
Albert Pike's Role
In 1861, the CSA sent a special person named Albert Pike to Indian Territory. His job was to talk with the different Native American tribes. He was called the "Commissioner to all the Indian Tribes West of Arkansas and South of Kansas." Pike's goal was to make treaties, or formal agreements, with these tribes.
Agreements Made
Between July and October of 1861, Albert Pike successfully made nine treaties with various Native American tribes. These treaties were important because they created alliances between the CSA and the tribes. The CSA Congress later approved all nine of these treaties before the end of 1861.
These treaties covered how the CSA and the tribes would get along. They often included promises of friendship and support during the war.
| Date treaty concluded | Treaty name | Other parties to treaty | Date of ratification by CSA Congress | Subject matter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 July 1861 | Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the Creek Nation of Indians | Muscogee (Creek) Nation | Relations with Indian tribes in Indian Territory | |
| 12 July 1861 | Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with Chocktaw and Chickasaw Nations of Indians | Choctaw; Chickasaw Nation | 20 December 1861 | Relations with Indian tribes in Indian Territory |
| 1 August 1861 | Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the Seminole Nation of Red Men | Seminole | 20 December 1861 | Relations with Indian tribes in Indian Territory |
| 12 August 1861 | Treaty with the Pen-e-tegh-ca band of the Ne-um or Comanches, and the tribes and bands of Wich-i-tas, Cado-Ha-da-chos, Huecos, Ta-hua-ca-ros, A-na-dagh-cos, Ton-ca-wes, Ai-o-nais, Ki-chais, Shawnees and Delawares | Comanche; Wichita; Caddo; Waco; Tonkawa; Kichai; Shawnee; Delaware | 21 December 1861 | Relations with Indian tribes in Indian Territory |
| 12 August 1861 | Treaty with the Ne-co-ni, Ta-ne-i we, Co-cho-tin-ca and Ya-pa-rih-ca bands of the Ne-um or Comanches of the Prairies and Staked Plain | Comanche | 21 December 1861 | Relations with Indian tribes in Indian Territory |
| 2 October 1861 | Treaty with the Great Osage Tribe of Indians | Osage | 20 December 1861 | Relations with Indian tribes in Indian Territory |
| 4 October 1861 | Treaty with the Seneca tribe of Indians, formerly known as the Senecas of Sandusky, and the Shawnees of the Tribe or Confederacy of Senecas and Shawnees formerly known as the Senecas and Shawnees of Lewistown, or the Mixed Bands of Senecas and Shawnees, each Tribe for itself | Seneca; Shawnee | 21 December 1861 | Relations with Indian tribes in Indian Territory |
| 4 October 1861 | Treaty with the Quapaw Tribe of Indians | Quapaw | 21 December 1861 | Relations with Indian tribes in Indian Territory |
| 7 October 1861 | Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the Cherokee Nation of Indians | Cherokee (led by John Ross) | 11 December 1861 | Relations with Indian tribes in Indian Territory |
