Indian Territory facts for kids
Quick facts for kids Indian Territory |
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|---|---|
| Unorganized territory of the United States | |
| 1834–1907 | |
 Oklahoma and Indian Territories, 1890's |
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| • Type | Self government |
| History | |
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• Indian Intercourse Act
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30 June 1834 |
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• Platte Purchase
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1836 |
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• Kansas–Nebraska Act
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May 30, 1854 |
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• Oklahoma Territory
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May 2, 1890 |
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• Oklahoma statehood
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16 November 1907 |
| Today part of | Oklahoma Kansas Nebraska Missouri (Platte Purchase) Colorado North Dakota South Dakota Montana Wyoming |
As general terms, Indian Territory, the Indian Territories, or Indian country describe an evolving land area set aside by the United States Government for the relocation of Native Americans who held aboriginal title to their land. In general, the tribes ceded land they occupied in exchange for land grants in an area purchased by the United States federal government from Napoleonic France, the Louisiana Purchase. The concept of an Indian Territory was an outcome of the 18th- and 19th-century policy of Indian removal. After the Civil War, the policy of the government was one of assimilation.
The term Indian Reserve describes lands the British government set aside for indigenous tribes between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River in the time before the American Revolutionary War.
Indian Territory later came to refer to an unorganized territory whose general borders were initially set by the Indian Intercourse Act of 1834, and was the successor to Missouri Territory after Missouri received statehood. The borders of Indian Territory were reduced in size as various Organic Acts were passed by Congress to create incorporated territories of the United States. The 1907 Oklahoma Enabling Act created the single state of Oklahoma by combining Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory, ending the existence of an Indian Territory.
Description and geography
Indian Territory, also known as the Indian Territories and the Indian Country, was land within the United States of America reserved for the forced re-settlement of Native Americans. The general borders were set by the Indian Intercourse Act of 1834. The territory was located in the Central United States.
After the Civil War, the Southern Treaty Commission re-wrote treaties with tribes that sided with the Confederacy, reducing the territory of the Five Civilized Tribes and providing land to resettle Plains Indians and tribes of the Midwestern United States.
In time, the Indian Territory was reduced to what is now Oklahoma. The Organic Act of 1890 reduced Indian Territory to the lands occupied by the Five Civilized Tribes and the Tribes of the Quapaw Indian Agency (at the borders of Kansas and Missouri). The remaining western portion of the former Indian Territory became the Oklahoma Territory.
At the time of the American Revolution, many Native American tribes had long-standing relationships with British who were loyal to the British Empire, but they had a less-developed relationship with the Empire's colonists-turned-rebels. After the defeat of the British, the Americans twice invaded the Ohio Country and were twice defeated. They finally defeated the Indian Western Confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794 and imposed the Treaty of Greenville, which ceded most of what is now Ohio, part of present-day Indiana, and the lands that include present-day Chicago and Detroit, to the United States federal government.
In 1803 the United States of America agreed to purchase France's claim to French Louisiana for a total of $15 million (less than 3 cents per acre). After the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, President Thomas Jefferson and his successors viewed much of the land west of the Mississippi River as a place to resettle the Native Americans, so that white settlers would be free to live in the lands east of the river. Indian removal became the official policy of the United States government with the passage of the 1830 Indian Removal Act, formulated by President Andrew Jackson.
Images for kids
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Indian Territory in 1844
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United States Department of the Interior map of Indian Territory in 1879
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Map of the gradual opening of Oklahoma Territory to white settlers and the Indian Territory, annexed by Oklahoma in 1907.
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The Louisiana Purchase was one of several historical territorial additions to the United States.
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Map of Indian territory 1836
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Kansas, Nebraska, Minnesota Territories 1855
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Artist's conception of Spiro Mounds, a Caddoan Mississippian site, as seen from the west
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Caddo village near Anadarko, 1870s
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The Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American culture that flourished in North America before the arrival of Europeans.
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Cherokee Nation Historic Courthouse in Tahlequah, built in 1849, is the oldest public building standing in Oklahoma.
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The historic Choctaw Capitol in Tuskahoma.
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Jennie Bobb, left, and her daughter, Nellie Longhat, both members of the Delaware Nation, Oklahoma, 1915
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Peoria beaded moccasins, c. 1860, collection of the Oklahoma History Center
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Tipis painted by George Catlin c. 1830
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Plains Indians at time of European contact and current homelands.
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Pre-contact distribution of the Western Siouan languages
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Pre-contact distribution of Algonquian languages
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Pre-contact distribution of Northern Uto-Aztecan languages
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See also
In Spanish: Territorio Indio (Estados Unidos) para niños
