Luigi Einaudi facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Luigi Einaudi
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Official portrait, 1948
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| President of Italy | |||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 12 May 1948 – 11 May 1955 |
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| Prime Minister | Alcide De Gasperi Giuseppe Pella Amintore Fanfani Mario Scelba |
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| Preceded by | Enrico De Nicola | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Giovanni Gronchi | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Deputy Prime Minister of Italy | |||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 1 June 1947 – 11 May 1948 |
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| Prime Minister | Alcide De Gasperi | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Position established | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Giovanni Porzio | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Minister of the Budget | |||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 6 June 1947 – 11 May 1948 |
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| Prime Minister | Alcide De Gasperi | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Position established | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Giuseppe Pella | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Governor of the Bank of Italy | |||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 5 January 1945 – 11 May 1948 |
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| Preceded by | Vincenzo Azzolini | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Donato Menichella | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Born | 24 March 1874 Carrù, Piedmont, Kingdom of Italy |
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| Died | 30 October 1961 (aged 87) Rome, Italy |
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| Political party | Italian Liberal Party | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | Ida Pellegrini | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Alma mater | University of Turin | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Luigi Numa Lorenzo Einaudi OMRI (Italian: [luˈiːdʒi eiˈnaudi]; 24 March 1874 – 30 October 1961) was an Italian politician and economist. He served as the president of Italy from 1948 to 1955.
Early life
Einaudi was born to Lorenzo and Placida Fracchia in Carrù, in the province of Cuneo, Piedmont. In Turin he attended Liceo classico Cavour and completed his university studies; in the same years he became acquainted with socialist ideas and collaborated with the magazine Critica sociale, directed by the socialist leader Filippo Turati. In 1895, after overcoming financial difficulties, he graduated in jurisprudence, and was later appointed as professor in the University of Turin, the Polytechnic University of Turin and the Bocconi University of Milan.
As an economist Einaudi belonged to the classical school of economics in addition to Pietro Campilli, Epicarmo Corbino and Gustavo Del Vecchio.
Early political life
From the early 20th century, Einaudi moved increasingly towards a more conservative stance. In 1919 he was named Senator of the Kingdom of Italy. He also worked as a journalist for important Italian newspapers such as La Stampa and Il Corriere della Sera, as well as being financial correspondent for The Economist. An anti-fascist, he stopped working for Italian newspapers from 1926, under the Fascist regime, resuming his professional relationship with the Corriere della Sera after the fall of the regime in 1943. After the Armistice (8 September 1943) he fled to Switzerland, returning to Italy in 1944.
Einaudi was Governor of the Bank of Italy from 5 January 1945 until 11 May 1948, and was also a founding member of the Consulta Nazionale which opened the way to the new Parliament of the Italian Republic after World War II. Later he was Minister of Finances, Treasury and Balance, as well as Vice-Premier, in 1947–48. He was also a member of the neo-liberal think tank the Mont Pelerin Society.
President (1948–1955)
On 11 May 1948 he was elected the second President of the Italian Republic. At the end of the seven-year term of office in 1955 he became Life Senator. Einaudi was a member of numerous cultural, economic and university institutions. He was a supporter of the ideal of European Federalism.
Einaudi personally managed the activities of his farm near Dogliani, producing Nebbiolo wine, for which he boasted to be using the most advanced agricultural developments. In 1950, monarchist satirical magazine Candido published a cartoon in which Einaudi is at the Quirinal Palace, surrounded by a presidential guard of honour (the corazzieri) of giant bottles of Nebbiolo wine, each labeled with the institutional logo. The cartoon was judged a lèse-majesté by a court of the time, and Giovannino Guareschi, as the director of the magazine, was held responsible and sentenced.
Personal life
Einaudi married Countess Ida Pellegrini (1885-1968) on 19 December 1903. Pellegrini was born in Pescantina in 1885 into a family of the Veronese aristocracy, as she was the daughter of Count Giulio Pellegrini. She attended the Regia School of Commerce in Turin, where she met her future husband, who was her professor at the time. Their son Giulio became a prominent Italian publisher, and their grandson Ludovico a neo-Classical musician.
Their son Mario was a Cornell University professor and active anti-fascist. The Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies is named after him. Additionally, Mario founded the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi in Turin in honor of his father.
The Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance (EIEF), a research center of the Bank of Italy, is named after Luigi Einaudi.
Einaudi died in Rome on 30 October, 1961 at the age of 87.
See also
In Spanish: Luigi Einaudi para niños
