Modern drachma facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Modern drachma
Modern drachma coins; Top row, left to right: 10λ coin, 20λ coin, 50λ coin, ₯1 coin, ₯2 coin. Middle row, left to right: ₯5 coin, ₯10 coin, ₯20 coin, ₯50 coin. Bottom row, left to right: ₯100 coin, ₯500 coin.
ISO 4217 Code	GRD
User(s)	None, previously: Greece
Inflation	3.1% (2000)
Source	Grecian.net
ERM
Since	March 1998
Fixed rate since	19 June 2000
Replaced by €, non cash	1 January 2001
Replaced by €, cash	1 January 2002
€ =	₯340.75
Subunit
1⁄100	leptοn (λ)
Symbol	₯
Coins
Freq. used	₯5, ₯10, ₯20, ₯50, ₯100, ₯500
Rarely used	10λ, 20λ, 50λ, ₯1 and ₯2
Banknotes
Freq. used	₯200, ₯1,000, ₯5,000, ₯10,000
Rarely used	₯50, ₯100, ₯500
Printer	Banknote and Securities Printing Foundation

The drachma (Greek: δραχμή) was the official currency of modern Greece from 1832 until the launch of the euro in 2001.

First modern drachma

The drachma was reintroduced in May 1832, shortly before the establishment of the Kingdom of Greece. It replaced the phoenix at par. The drachma was subdivided into 100 lepta.

Coins

The first coinage consisted of copper denominations of 1λ, 2λ, 5λ and 10λ, silver denominations of ₯1⁄4, ₯1⁄2, ₯1 and ₯5 and a gold coin of ₯20. The drachma coin weighed 4.5 g and contained 90% silver, with the ₯20 coin containing 5.8 g of gold.

In 1868, Greece joined the Latin Monetary Union and the drachma became equal in weight and value to the French franc. The new coinage issued consisted of copper coins of 1λ, 2λ, 5λ and 10λ, with the 5λ and 10λ coins bearing the names obolos (ὀβολός) and diobolon (διώβολον), respectively; silver coins of 20λ and 50λ, ₯1, ₯2 and ₯5 and gold coins of ₯5, ₯10 and ₯20. (Very small numbers of ₯50 and ₯100 coins in gold were also issued.)

In 1894, cupro-nickel 5λ, 10λ and 20λ coins were introduced. No 1λ or 2λ coin had been issued since the late 1870s. Silver coins of ₯1 and ₯2 were last issued in 1911, and no coins were issued between 1912 and 1922, during which time the Latin Monetary Union collapsed due to World War I.

Between 1926 and 1930, a new coinage was introduced for the new Hellenic Republic, consisting of cupro-nickel coins in denominations of 20λ, 50λ, ₯1, and ₯2; nickel coins of ₯5; and silver coins of ₯10 and ₯20. These were the last coins issued for the first modern drachma, none were issued for the second.

Second modern drachma

Banknote of 1944 issued by the NBG

On 11 November 1944, following the liberation of Greece from Nazi Germany, old drachma were exchanged for new ones at the rate of ₯50,000,000,000 to ₯1. Only paper money was issued for the second drachma. The government issued notes of ₯1, ₯5, ₯10 and ₯20, with the Bank of Greece issuing ₯50, ₯100, ₯500, ₯1,000, ₯5,000, and ₯10,000 notes. This drachma also suffered from high inflation. The government later issued ₯100, ₯500, and ₯1,000-drachma notes, and the Bank of Greece issued ₯20,000 and ₯50,000 notes.

Third modern drachma

On 9 April 1953, in an effort to halt inflation, Greece joined the Bretton Woods system. On 1 May 1954, the drachma was revalued at a rate of ₯1,000 to ₯1, and small change notes were abolished for the last time. The third drachma assumed a fixed exchange rate of ₯30 per dollar until 20 October 1973: over the next 25 years, the official exchange rate gradually declined, reaching 400 drachmae per dollar. On 1 January 2002, the Greek drachma was officially replaced as the circulating currency by the euro, and it has not been legal tender since 1 March 2002.

Third modern drachma coins

The first issue of coins minted in 1954 consisted of holed aluminium 5-, 10- and 20-lepton pieces, with 50-lepton, ₯1, ₯2 and ₯5 pieces in cupro-nickel. ₯10 coins of a brighter alloy were issued in 1959 and a silver ₯20 piece was issued in 1960, replacing the corresponding banknotes. Coins in denominations from 50 lepta to ₯20 carried a portrait of King Paul (1947–1964). New coins were introduced in 1966, ranging from 50 lepta to ₯10, depicting King Constantine II (1964–1974). A silver ₯30 coin for the centennial of Greece's royal dynasty was minted in 1963. The following year a non-circulating coin of this value was produced to commemorate the royal wedding. The reverse of all coins was altered in 1971 to reflect the military junta which was in power from 1967 to 1974. This design included a soldier standing in front of the flames of the rising phoenix and the date of the coup d'état, April 21, 1967.

A ₯20 coin in cupro-nickel with an image of Europa on the obverse was issued in 1973. In late 1973, several new coin types were introduced: unholed aluminium (10λ and 20λ), nickel-brass (50 lepta, ₯1, and ₯2) and cupro-nickel (₯5, ₯10, and ₯20). These provisional coins carried the design of the phoenix rising from the flame on the obverse, and used the country's new designation as the "Hellenic Republic", replacing the coins also issued in 1973 as the Kingdom of Greece with King Constantine II's portrait. A new series of all 8 denominations was introduced in 1976 carrying images of early national heroes on the smaller values.

Cupro-nickel ₯50 coins were introduced in 1980. In 1986, aluminium-bronze ₯50 coins were introduced, followed by copper ₯1 and ₯2 pieces in 1988 and aluminium-bronze coins of ₯20 and ₯100 in 1990. In 2000, a set of 6 themed ₯500 coins were issued to commemorate the 2004 Athens Olympic Games.

Coins in circulation at the time of the adoption of the euro were

• 50λ (€0.0015)
• ₯1 (€0.0029)
• ₯2 (€0.0059)
• ₯5 (€0.0147)
• ₯10 (€0.0293)
• ₯20 (€0.0587)
• ₯50 (€0.147)
• ₯100 (€0.293)
• ₯500 (€1.47)

Gallery

• 

  Gold ₯20 coin depicting king Othon I, 1833

• 

  Gold ₯20 coin depicting king Georgios I, 1876

• 

  Gold ₯50 coin depicting king Georgios I, 1876

• 

  ₯5 coin, 1876

• 

  ₯1 coin during the 1973–1974 military controlled Republic, 1973

• 

  ₯1 coin depicting Konstantinos Kanaris, 1976

• 

  ₯1 coin depicting the Owl of Athena

• 

  ₯2 coin with a soldier standing in front of a Phoenix

Banknotes

The first issues of banknotes were in denominations of ₯10, ₯20 and ₯50, soon followed by ₯100, ₯500 and ₯1,000 by 1956. ₯5,000 notes were introduced in 1984, followed by ₯10,000 notes in 1995 and ₯200 notes in 1997.

Banknotes in circulation at the time of the adoption of the euro were

• ₯100 (€0.2935), depicting Athena and Adamantios Korais
• ₯200 (€0.5869), depicting Rigas Feraios
• ₯500 (€1.47), depicting Ioannis Capodistrias
• ₯1,000 (€2.93), depicting Apollo
• ₯5,000 (€14.67), depicting Theodoros Kolokotronis
• ₯10,000 (€29.35), depicting George Papanicolaou and Asclepius

Gallery (banknotes)

• 

  ₯5 banknote, 1912

• 

  ₯5,000,000 banknote during the Axis Occupation hyperinflation period, 1944

• 

  ₯20 banknote, 1955

Encoding

In Unicode, the currency symbol is Error using : Input "20af" is not a hexadecimal value.. There is a special Attic numeral, Error using : Input "10142" is not a hexadecimal value., for the value of one drachma but it fails to render in most browsers.

Restoration

The Drachmi Greek Democratic Movement Five Stars, which was founded in 2013, aims to restore the Drachma as Greece's currency.

See also

In Spanish: Dracma griega moderna para niños

• Commemorative coins of Greece
• Economic history of Greece and the Greek world
• Economy of Greece
• Greek euro coins
• Phoenix (currency)