Mugalari facts for kids
A Mugalari is a Basque word for people who help others cross the border. They mainly helped people move between France and Spain. Often, they did this for political reasons.
The word "mugalari" comes from "muga," meaning border, and "-lari," which refers to a person. So, it means someone who lives near or works with the border. Sometimes, the term also refers to smugglers.
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Helping People Cross Borders
Mugalaris were very active during big historical events. They played a key role in helping people during the Spanish Civil War and the Second World War.
During World War II
During the Second World War, mugalaris helped Allied pilots. These pilots were sometimes shot down by German forces in France. Mugalaris guided them safely across the border into Spain.
Once in Spain, the pilots would go to Donostia. From there, the British consulate would help them. They would then travel to Gibraltar and finally be sent to London.
During Franco's Dictatorship
Mugalaris were also active during Franco's dictatorship in Spain. This was a time when Spain was ruled by a single leader, General Franco. People who disagreed with the government often needed help to leave the country or move secretly.
More recently, during the Basque Conflict, mugalaris helped members of the ETA. ETA was a Basque separatist group. Because of their activities, some mugalaris faced difficulties or were arrested.
One famous mugalari was Manuel Mª Garmendia Zubiarrain, also known as Korta. He was a significant figure in their history. A rock-ska band called Kortatu is named after him.
Mugalari Races
Today, the idea of mugalaris has inspired a fun sport. These are called smugglers' races. In these races, runners carry a heavy sack on their backs. This sport is now one of the Basque rural sports. It celebrates the strength and skill of the original mugalaris.
See also
In Spanish: Mugalari para niños
- The Pyrenees mountain range forms most of the French-Spanish border.
- People smuggling
