Yellow patches facts for kids
Quick facts for kids Yellow patches |
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Scientific classification  |
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| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Amanitaceae |
| Genus: | Amanita |
| Species: |
A. flavoconia
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| Binomial name | |
| Amanita flavoconia G.F.Atk.
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| Synonyms | |
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1941 Amplariella flavoconia (G.F.Atk.) E.-J.Gilbert |
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| Amanita flavoconia | |
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gills on hymenium |
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cap is flat |
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hymenium is free |
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stipe has a ring and volva |
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spore print is white |
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ecology is mycorrhizal |
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edibility: unknown |
Amanita flavoconia is a type of mushroom often called the yellow patches or yellow wart mushroom. People also call it the orange amanita or yellow-dust amanita. It belongs to the Amanitaceae family.
This mushroom has an orangish-yellow cap. This cap has yellowish-orange patches or small bumps, like warts. It also has a yellowish-orange ring, called an annulus, around its stem. The stem itself can be white or orange. Amanita flavoconia is very common in eastern North America. It grows on the ground in forests with broad-leaved trees and mixed trees. It especially likes to grow near hemlock trees. This is because it forms a special connection with their roots.
Contents
About the Amanita flavoconia Name
An American scientist named George Francis Atkinson first described Amanita flavoconia in 1902. He found it in a forest near Fall Creek in New York. Later, other scientists tried to put it into different groups. For example, Jean-Edouard Gilbert placed it in a group called Amplariella in 1941. In 1948, William Alphonso Murrill thought it fit best in Venenarius. However, these groups are now considered part of the main Amanita group again.
The name flavoconia comes from two Latin words. Flavo means yellowish and conia means conical or cone-shaped. This describes its yellowish color and the shape of its cap when it's young. Its common names, like "yellow patches" or "orange Amanita," also describe its look.
What Amanita flavoconia Looks Like
The cap of Amanita flavoconia starts out shaped like an egg. As the mushroom grows, it becomes more rounded and then flattens out. The cap is orange to bright yellow-orange. It can grow to be about 3 to 9 centimeters (1 to 3.5 inches) wide.
When the mushroom is young, its cap is covered with bright yellow bumps or "warts." These warts can easily rub off or be washed away by rain.
The cap's surface is smooth and a bit sticky under the warts. The edge of the cap has lines, which show where the gills are underneath. The inside part of the cap, called the flesh, is white.
The gills are almost separate from the stem and are packed closely together. They are white or have a yellow tint on their edges. When young, they are covered by a yellowish thin layer called a partial veil.
The stem is usually about 5.5 to 11.5 centimeters (2 to 4.5 inches) long. It is about 0.7 to 1.4 centimeters (0.3 to 0.5 inches) thick. The stem is usually the same thickness all the way up, or it might get a little thinner towards the top. It has a small, round bulb at its base. The stem can be white to yellowish-orange. Its surface might be smooth or covered with small flakes.
At the base of the stem, there are usually bright yellow flakes. These flakes are leftover pieces of a protective layer that covered the whole young mushroom. This layer is called the universal veil. The partial veil, which covered the gills, leaves a skirt-like ring on the upper part of the stem. This ring is called an annulus.
The spore print of A. flavoconia is white. This means that if you let the mushroom drop its spores on a piece of paper, they would be white.
It's important to remember that we don't know if this mushroom is safe to eat. So, you should never eat it.
Microscopic Features of Amanita flavoconia
When looked at under a microscope, the spores of Amanita flavoconia are oval-shaped and smooth. They measure about 7 to 9 micrometers long and 5 to 8 micrometers wide. They are clear (hyaline) and turn blue-black when stained with a special iodine solution called Melzer's reagent. This reaction is called amyloid.
The cells that produce the spores are called basidia. They are about 35 to 43 micrometers long and 4 to 12 micrometers wide. Each basidium has four small extensions called sterigmata, which hold the spores. The outer skin of the cap, called the pileipellis, is made of thin, thread-like structures called hyphae. These hyphae are tangled together and are somewhat jelly-like. They are about 3 to 7 micrometers wide.
Where Amanita flavoconia Lives and Grows
Amanita flavoconia is a common mycorrhizal mushroom. This means it forms a helpful partnership with the roots of trees. It grows alone or in groups on the ground. You can find it from summer to fall in forests with broad-leaved trees and mixed trees.
It is known to prefer hemlock trees. It also grows in high-altitude forests with red spruce trees.
In North America, Amanita flavoconia is found in many places. It has been collected in Ontario, Canada, parts of the United States like Iowa, and Mexico. It is considered one of the most common Amanita species in eastern North America.
Mushrooms That Look Like Amanita flavoconia
Amanita flavoconia is sometimes mistaken for other mushrooms. It looks a lot like A. muscaria, especially some types that are also orange. It also looks similar to A. frostiana and A. favorubescens.
In fact, one study from 1982 found that many museum samples labeled as A. frostiana were actually A. flavoconia. To tell these species apart clearly, scientists need to use a microscope.
Here's how they are different under the microscope:
- A. flavoconia has oval-shaped spores that react to the iodine stain (amyloid).
- A. frostiana has round spores that do not react to the iodine stain (non-amyloid).
- A. muscaria has oval-shaped spores that do not react to the iodine stain (non-amyloid).
In the forest, A. flavorubescens can usually be identified because its cap is typically a brighter yellow color.
See also
In Spanish: Amanita flavoconia para niños
- List of Amanita species
