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Chornobyl

Чорнобиль (Ukrainian)
The Administrative Center in Chernobyl (2013)
The Administrative Center in Chernobyl (2013)
Coat of arms of Chornobyl
Coat of arms
Chernobyl is located in Kyiv Oblast
Chernobyl
Chernobyl
Location in Kyiv Oblast
Chernobyl is located in Ukraine
Chernobyl
Chernobyl
Location in Ukraine
Chernobyl is located in Europe
Chernobyl
Chernobyl
Location in Europe
Country  Ukraine
Oblast Kyiv Oblast
Raion Vyshhorod Raion
First mentioned 1193
City status 1941
Abandoned 1986
Named for Artemisia vulgaris
Government
 • Body State Agency of Ukraine on the Exclusion Zone Management
Area
 • Total 25 km2 (10 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total ~150 (est.)
Time zone UTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST) UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
07270
Area code(s) +380-4593
ISO 3166 code UA

Chernobyl, also known by its Ukrainian name Chornobyl, is a city in northern Ukraine. It is famous around the world for the Chernobyl disaster, a major nuclear accident that happened there in 1986.

The city is located inside the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, a special area with restricted access. Before the accident, about 14,000 people lived in Chernobyl. After the disaster, everyone had to leave. Today, it is mostly a ghost town, although a small number of people work there in shifts to manage the Exclusion Zone.

Chernobyl is about 90 kilometres (60 mi) north of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. The city of Pripyat, which was built for the power plant workers, is very close but is completely abandoned.

ChernobylMIR
A photo of Chernobyl and the power plant taken from the Mir space station in 1997.

What does the name Chernobyl mean?

Chernobyl (11383710145)
A welcome sign at the entrance to the city of Chernobyl.

The city's name, Chornobyl, is the Ukrainian word for a type of plant called Artemisia vulgaris, or mugwort. This plant is very common in the area. The name comes from two old words: chornyy (чорний), meaning "black," and byllo (билля), meaning "grass" or "stems."

A Long History

Свято-Іллінська церква в Чорнобилі
The Orthodox Church of St. Elijah is one of the few buildings in Chernobyl that is still in use.

Chernobyl is a very old city. The first time it was mentioned in historical records was in 1193, when it was a hunting lodge for a prince. Over the centuries, it was part of different countries, including the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland.

A Center for Jewish Culture

In the 1700s, Chernobyl became an important center for Hasidic Judaism, a branch of the Jewish faith. A famous Hasidic leader, Rabbi Menachem Nachum Twersky, started a dynasty there. For a long time, a large Jewish community lived in the city.

Sadly, the community faced periods of great hardship and violence at the start of the 20th century. This caused many people to leave the city for safer places.

The Soviet Era

After 1921, Chernobyl became part of the Ukrainian SSR, which was one of the republics of the Soviet Union. During the 1930s, the people of Chernobyl suffered through a terrible famine known as the Holodomor.

During World War II, German forces occupied the city from 1941 to 1943. Tragically, the Jewish people who remained in the city were killed.

The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant

In the 1970s, the Soviet government decided to build a nuclear power plant just 15 kilometres (9 mi) away from Chernobyl. It was the first nuclear power plant in Ukraine. To house all the workers and their families, a new city called Pripyat was built nearby. The first reactor at the power plant started producing electricity in 1977.

The 1986 Chernobyl Disaster

Černobyl, 18
The Wormwood Star Memorial Complex honors the firefighters and workers who responded to the disaster.

On April 26, 1986, a major accident happened at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. During a safety test, Reactor No. 4 went out of control and exploded. The explosion and the fire that followed released a large amount of dangerous radioactive material into the air. This material spread over Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, and even parts of Europe.

It was the worst nuclear disaster in history.

Evacuation and the Exclusion Zone

A few days after the explosion, the Soviet government began to evacuate the people living in Pripyat and Chernobyl. Over 100,000 people had to leave their homes behind. They were moved to other cities, like the newly built city of Slavutych.

To keep people safe, the government created the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. This is a large area around the power plant where nobody is allowed to live. The city of Chernobyl is inside this zone. Although average background radiation has returned to normal, "hot spots" of higher radiation still exist.

What is Chernobyl Like Today?

Today, Chernobyl is a quiet and overgrown city. While it is illegal to live there, it is not completely empty. Scientists, police, and workers who manage the Exclusion Zone stay in the city for short periods. There is a hotel, a post office, and a couple of small stores for them.

A Haven for Wildlife

With very few people around, nature has started to take over Chernobyl and the surrounding area. The forests are now full of animals. Many species, including wild horses, wolves, deer, and eagles, are now living in the Exclusion Zone. Scientists study these animals to see how they have adapted to the environment.

Some studies indicate that numerous species exhibit decreased life expectancy and increased mortality rates as a result of radiation exposure.

Geography

Chernobyl is located in northern Ukraine, near the border with Belarus. It sits on the Pripyat River, which flows into the larger Dnieper River. The area has a climate with warm summers and long, cold, and snowy winters.

Notable people

  • Aaron Twersky of Chernobyl (1784–1871), rabbi
  • Aleksander Franciszek Chodkiewicz (1776–1838), Polish politician
  • Alexander Krasnoshchyokov (1880–1937), politician
  • Andriy Smalko (1981–), football player
  • Arnold Lakhovsky (1880–1937), artist
  • Grigory Irmovich Novak (1919–1980), Jewish Soviet weightlifter
  • Rozalia Lubomirska (1768–1794), Polish noblewoman
  • Volodymyr Pravyk (1962–1986), firefighter who died responding to the Chernobyl disaster

Images for kids

See also

Kids robot.svg In Spanish: Chernóbil para niños

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