El Mono Azul facts for kids
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Cover page dated 8 July 1937
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| Categories | Cultural magazine |
|---|---|
| Frequency |
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| Founder | |
| Founded | 1936 |
| First issue | 27 August 1936 |
| Final issue | February 1939 |
| Country | Spain |
| Based in | Madrid |
| Language | Spanish |
El Mono Azul (which means Blue Overalls in Spanish) was a special magazine published in Madrid, Spain. It was created during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).
This magazine was against fascism, a type of government that controls everything and doesn't allow much freedom. El Mono Azul was one of the most important cultural and artistic magazines during the war. Its full name meant Weekly publication of the Alliance of Anti-fascist Intellectuals for the Defense of Culture.
Contents
The Story of El Mono Azul
El Mono Azul was started in Madrid in 1936. It was created by a group called the Alliance of Anti-Fascist Intellectuals. This group was led by two famous writers, Rafael Alberti and María Teresa León. They were part of the Republican side fighting in the Civil War.
The magazine helped share the ideas of this group. It was a way to encourage people and spread their message.
When Was It Published?
The very first issue of El Mono Azul came out on 27 August 1936. This was just one month after the Civil War began.
At first, it was published every Thursday, once a week, until November 1936. Then, it stopped for a short time, from December 1936 to February 1937.
It started again on 11 February 1937. In June 1937, it became a special section inside a weekly newspaper called La Voz. It continued like this until May 1938. After that, three more issues were published. The very last issue came out in February 1939. This final issue was published on its own, but it was also part of another literary magazine called Cuadernos de Madrid.
What You Could Read in El Mono Azul
El Mono Azul was made for the people fighting in the Civil War. It often had articles with helpful tips for soldiers. These tips included how to shoot better and how to stay clean and healthy.
But it wasn't just about war tips! The magazine also featured many different kinds of writing. You could find:
- Poems
- Book reviews
- Political articles
- Editorials (articles that share the magazine's opinion)
- Important documents
- News about plays and theater
- Photographs or drawings
Many of the drawings were made by Rafael Alberti and the famous artist Pablo Picasso.
Poems from the Trenches
Interestingly, the poems published in El Mono Azul were often read and even written by soldiers in the trenches. Trenches were long, narrow ditches where soldiers lived and fought. These poems would then appear in the magazine.
One special issue, the 29th one, came out on 19 August 1937. It included four poems by an American poet named Langston Hughes. Rafael Alberti translated these poems into Spanish. Langston Hughes was the only poet from an English-speaking country whose works were published in El Mono Azul.
Important Writers and Artists
Many important writers and artists helped create El Mono Azul. They included:
- José Bergamín
- Rafael Dieste
- Lorenzo Varela
- Miguel Hernández
- Vicente Aleixandre
- Vicente Huidobro
- Luis Cernuda
- Antonio Machado
- León Felipe
- Rosa Chacel
- Emilio Prados
- Octavio Paz
- César Vallejo
- Tomás Navarro Tomás
- Pablo Neruda
- Ramón J. Sender
See also
In Spanish: El Mono Azul para niños
