Fuchien Province, Republic of China facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Fuchien Province 福建省
Province
Name transcription(s)
• Chinese	福建省 (Fújiàn Shěng)
• Abbreviation	FJ / 閩 (pinyin: Mǐn, POJ: Bân)
• Foochow	Hók-gióng
• Hokkien POJ	Hok-kiàn
Seal of Fujian Province
Map showing the de facto territories under the nominal province (red)
Country
Jiangnandong Circuit	626
Fujian Circuit	985
Taiwan as a prefecture of Fujian ruled by the Qing dynasty	1684
Taiwan as a province of Qing dynasty formally detached from Fujian	1887
Fujian People's Government	1933—1934
Division of Fujian	17 August 1949
Streamlined	16 July 1956
Demilitarised	7 November 1992
Provincial Government dissolved	31 December 2018
Named for	福 Fú: Fuzhou 建 Jiàn: Jianzhou
Provincial capital	Jincheng, Kinmen (de facto) Foochow (claimed, de jure)
Largest city	Jincheng, Kinmen
Divisions	67 counties, 2 cities
Government
• Type	Province (nominal)
• Body	Kinmen-Matsu Joint Services Center
Area
• 1948	119,340 km2 (46,080 sq mi)
• 2018	180.4560 km2 (69.6745 sq mi)
Population  (2020)
• Free area	153,876
• Constitutional claims	41,563,668
Demonym(s)	Fujianese, Fukienese, Kinmenese, Matsunese
Demographics
• Languages and dialects	Min, Mandarin
Time zone	UTC+08:00 (Asia/Taipei)
Postal code	209–212, 890–896
Area code(s)	(0)82, (0)826, (0)836
ISO 3166 code	TW
Website	FKPG.gov.tw

Fuchien
"Fuchien" in Chinese characters
Chinese	福建
Postal	Fukien
Literal meaning	"Fú(zhōu) and Jiàn(zhōu)"
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Bopomofo ㄈㄨˊ   ㄐㄧㄢˋ Gwoyeu Romatzyh Fwujiann Wade–Giles Fu²-chien⁴ Tongyong Pinyin Fújiàn Yale Romanization Fújyàn MPS2 Fújiàn IPA [fǔ.tɕi̯ɛ̂n] Wu Romanization Foh-ji Hakka Pha̍k-fa-sṳ Fuk-kien or Fuk-kian Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Fūkgin IPA [fók̚.kīːn] Jyutping Fuk1gin3 Southern Min Hokkien POJ Hok-kiàn Tâi-lô Hok-kiàn Eastern Min Fuzhou BUC Hók-gióng Pu-Xian Min Hinghwa BUC Ho̤h-ge̤̍ng Northern Min Jian'ou Romanized Hŭ-gṳ̿in.g
Abbreviation
Traditional Chinese	閩
Simplified Chinese	闽
Literal meaning	[the Mǐn River]
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Mǐn Bopomofo ㄇㄧㄣˇ Gwoyeu Romatzyh Miin Wade–Giles Min³ Tongyong Pinyin Mǐn Yale Romanization Mǐn MPS2 Mǐn IPA [mìn] Hakka Pha̍k-fa-sṳ Mén Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Máhn IPA [mɐ̬n] Jyutping Man5 Southern Min Hokkien POJ Bân Tâi-lô Bân Eastern Min Fuzhou BUC Mìng Pu-Xian Min Hinghwa BUC Máng Northern Min Jian'ou Romanized Mâing
Fujian Province
Chinese	福建省
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Fújiàn Shěng Bopomofo ㄈㄨˊ   ㄐㄧㄢˋ   ㄕㄥˇ Gwoyeu Romatzyh Fwujiann Sheeng Wade–Giles Fu²-chien⁴ Shêng³ Tongyong Pinyin Fújiàn Shěng Yale Romanization Fújyàn Shěng MPS2 Fújiàn Shěng IPA [fǔ.tɕi̯ɛ̂n ʂə̀ŋ] Hakka Pha̍k-fa-sṳ Fuk-kien-sén or Fuk-kian-sén Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Fūkgin Sáang IPA [fók̚.kīːn sǎːŋ] Jyutping Fuk1gin3 Saang2 Southern Min Hokkien POJ Hok-kiàn-séng Tâi-lô Hok-kiàn-síng Eastern Min Fuzhou BUC Hók-gióng sēng

Location of de jure Fujian Province inside de jure territory of ROC

Fuchien Province ([fǔ.tɕi̯ɛ̂n]), also romanized as Fujian and rendered as Fukien, is a nominal province of the Republic of China (ROC, Taiwan) without formal administrative function. It includes three small archipelagos off the coast of the Fujian Province of the People's Republic of China, namely the Matsu Islands, which make up Lienchiang County, and the Wuqiu Islands and Kinmen Islands, which make up Kinmen County. The seat of the administrative centre is Jincheng Township of Kinmen County which serves as its de facto capital. The province is also known as the Golden Horse, after the literal reading of the Chinese character abbreviation for "Kinmen-Matsu".

The islands are the only part of a larger province that remain ROC-controlled. The People's Republic of China gained control of the mainland portion in 1949 during the Chinese Civil War. The islands were under military administration during the Cold War; travel restrictions were not lifted until 1992.

Provincial administration was transferred to the national and county governments in 1998 following government reforms. The provincial government was practically abolished in 2018.

History

The Xinhai Revolution deposed the Qing dynasty brought the province into the rule of the Republic of China. Fujian briefly gained independence from China again under the Fujian People's Government until it was recontrolled by the ROC during the Warlord Era.

Parts of the province in the northwestern area of Fujian were controlled by the Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet, a component territory controlled by the Chinese Soviet Republic until its collapse in 1934 at the start of the Long March.

It came under Japanese sea blockade during Second Sino-Japanese War.

During the Chinese Civil War, the ROC lost control of mainland China, including most of Fujian province, and was forced to relocate to Taiwan, while the victorious Chinese Communist forces established the PRC in 1949, subsequently the capital of Fujian was also moved from Foochow to Jincheng. In the Battle of Guningtou, however, ROC forces were able to defend the island of Quemoy (Kinmen) just off the coast of Fujian from communist attack. As a result, the ROC has been able to hold on to a number of offshore islands of Fujian, and has continued to maintain a separate Fujian Provincial Government to govern these islands, parallel to the province of Fujian in mainland China.

In 1956, due to heightened potential for military conflict with the PRC, the ROC central government moved the Fujian provincial government out of Fujian to within Taiwan Province in Xindian (now part of New Taipei), and the islands were placed under an extraordinarily tight military administration due to their extreme proximity to mainland China. This was an unusual situation where the government of a province was located and operating in a different province. With the easing of cross-strait relations between the PRC and ROC and the democratization of the ROC in the 1990s, the islands were returned to civilian government in 1992. On 15 January 1996, the provincial government moved back to Kinmen, on Fujian soil.

Beginning in 2010, the ROC significantly diluted the powers of the two provinces it governs, namely Taiwan and Fujian. Most of the authority at the Fujian province level has been delegated to the two county governments of Kinmen and Lienchiang.

Government

The Governor of Fujian Province was the head of the Fujian Provincial Government, the governor was also titled the "Chairperson of the Fujian Provincial Government". According to the Additional Articles of the Constitution, the governor was appointed by the central government.

The Fujian Provincial Government was located in Jincheng, Kinmen between January 1996 and 2018.

Provincial administration was transferred to counties and the national-level National Development Council in 1998, with the transition occurring in 1999 and 2000. This followed 1997 constitutional reforms to downsize provincial governments. The provincial government was reduced to a local interface for the national government with appointed rather than elected officers; it became dormant when the remaining staff and responsibilities were transferred in 2018.

The Kinmen-Matsu Joint Services Center was founded in 2017 as the local government office handling administration of the islands. It took over the remaining responsibilities of the provincial government.

Former Fujian Provincial Government building, now used by the Kinmen-Matsu Joint Services Center.

Subdivisions

Fujian province nominally comprises two counties: Kinmen County and Lienchiang County. These islands have a total area of 182.66 km² (70.53 sq mi) and a total population of 71,000 (2001).

The following are the islands of Fujian under the administration of the ROC, given by county:

Name	Kinmen County	Lienchiang County
Chinese	金門縣	連江縣
Hokkien	Kim-mn̂g-koān	Liân-kang-koān
Hakka	Kîm-mùn-yen	Lièn-kông-yen
Matsunese	Gĭng-muòng-gâing	Lièng-gŏng-gâing
Wuqiunese	Ging-meóng-gā̤ⁿ	Léng-gang-gā̤ⁿ
Map
Islands	numerous islands & islets	36 islands
	Kinmen Islands (金門列島) Kinmen (金門島) Lesser Kinmen (小金門島) Dadan (大膽島) Erdan (二膽島) Dongding (東碇島) Beiding (北碇島) Jiangong (建功嶼) Binlang Islet (檳榔嶼) Fuxing Islet (復興嶼) Menghu Islet (猛虎嶼) Shi Islet (獅嶼) Wuqiu Islands (烏坵嶼) Daqiu (大坵嶼) Xiaoqiu (小坵嶼)	Matsu Islands (馬祖列島) Nangan (南竿島) Beigan (北竿島) Dongju (東莒島) Xiju (西莒島) Dongyin (東引島) Xiyin (西引島) Gaodeng Island (高登島) Daqiu Island (大坵島) Liang Island (亮島) Turtle Island (龜島)
Administrative divisions	6 townships	4 townships

The PRC claims Kinmen as a county of Quanzhou, Fujian and the Matsu Islands as a township of Lianjiang County, Fuzhou, Fujian (with some islands claimed as parts of other areas).

Culture and Demography

Culturally, its population is predominantly of Chinese ethnicity, as Fujian remains the one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse provinces of the country. Each dialects of the language group Min Chinese were most commonly spoken within the province, including the Fuzhou dialect of northeastern Fujian and various Hokkien dialects of southeastern Fujian. Hakka Chinese is also spoken, by the Hakka people in Fujian. Min dialects, Hakka and Mandarin Chinese are mutually unintelligible. Due to emigration, a sizable amount of the ethnic Chinese populations in Southeast Asia speak Southern Min (or Hokkien).

Education

• National Quemoy University

See also

In Spanish: Provincia de Fuchien para niños

• Taiwan Province
• Fujian
• Politics of the Republic of China
• Kinmen-Matsu Joint Services Center
• Battle of Kuningtou
• First Taiwan Strait Crisis
• Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
• Third Taiwan Strait Crisis
• Chekiang Province, Republic of China