Governance of England facts for kids

England
This article is part of a series on the politics and government of England
Governance Sovereign Queen Elizabeth II Ministerial departments of the UK Government Specific to England Communities and Local Government Education Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Health Primarily involving England Transport Culture, Media and Sport West Lothian question Devolution proposals
Regions East Midlands East of England Greater London North East North West South East South West West Midlands Yorkshire and the Humber
Law and justice Supreme Court of the United Kingdom Courts of England and Wales English law
England in the UK Parliament of the United Kingdom Elections in England Constituencies Current Westminster MPs
England in the EU UK elections to the European Parliament European Parliament constituencies in England East of England East Midlands London North East England North West England South East England South West England West Midlands Yorkshire and the Humber
Administrative divisions Local government in England Greater London Greater London Authority London boroughs Counties Districts Metropolitan counties Metropolitan districts Unitary authorities Combined authorities Civil parishes
Other countries Atlas

There has not been a government of England since 1707 when the Kingdom of England ceased to exist as a sovereign state, as it merged with the Kingdom of Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. Prior to 1707, the government of England was in fact the government of England and Wales since Wales was joined to England under the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284 and from the Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542, England and Wales formed a single legal system.

The Kingdom of Great Britain continued from 1707 until 1801 when it merged with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which itself became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) in 1922 (in reality; in name in 1927) upon independence for most of the island of Ireland. The UK since then has gone through significant change to its system of government, with devolved parliaments, assemblies and governments in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. England, however, remains under the full jurisdiction, on all matters, of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the UK government as no devolved administration has been created for England within the new structure. This situation has led to the anomaly, known as the West Lothian question, which is that Scottish Members of Parliament (MPs) are able to vote on legislation that affects only England whereas English MPs can not vote on certain Scottish matters due to devolution. In some cases, such as top-up university tuition fees and foundation hospitals, the votes of Scottish MPs have been crucial in helping pass legislation for England that the majority of English MPs have opposed.

One possible solution to the West Lothian question would be devolution to the English regions but attempts have been unsuccessful so far. Amongst the parts of England, Greater London has a degree of devolved power (although weaker than that of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) with power vested in an elected Mayor of London, currently Sadiq Khan and the London Assembly.

The country is therefore officially divided into the following in terms of governance:

• The nine English regions,
• The modern day local authority areas,
• The geographical/ceremonial counties of England.

The incumbent government has no plans to create a devolved English parliament.

'England only' Government Departments of the UK Government

Several Government Departments of the UK Government have responsibilities for matters affecting England alone:

• The Department for Communities and Local Government.
• The Department for Education is responsible for issues affecting people in England up to the age of 19.
• The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) is responsible for environmental protection, food production and standards, agriculture, fisheries and rural communities in England.
• The Department of Health, (DoH) has responsibility for government policy on health, social care and the English National Health Service (NHS).
• The Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills (Ofsted) which is a non-ministerial department headed by Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Schools in England.

Other departments deal mainly with matters affecting England though they also have some UK wide responsibilities in certain areas;

• The Department for Transport
• The Department for Culture, Media and Sport
• The Charity Commission for England and Wales, which is a non-ministerial department