Henry Roe Cloud facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Henry Roe Cloud
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| Wo-Na-Xi-Lay-Hunka (Wonah'ilayhunka) | |
Henry Roe Cloud in 1931
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| Born | December 28, 1884 Winnebago Reservation
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| Died | February 9, 1950 (aged 65) |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Genoa Indian School Santee Mission School Mount Hermon Preparatory School |
| Alma mater | Yale College (BA, MA) Auburn Theological Seminary (BD) Emporia College (DD) |
| Occupation | Educator, college administrator, Office of Indian Affairs administrator, Presbyterian minister |
| Organization | Haskell Institute, Brookings Institution, Office of Indian Affairs |
| Spouse(s) | |
| Children | 6; including Woesha Cloud North |
| Parent(s) | Father: Na-Xi-Lay-Hunk-Kay or Nah'ilayhunkay (d. 1896) Mother: "Hard-To-See", (d. 1897) |
| Relatives | Renya K. Ramirez (granddaughter) |
| Awards | Indian Achievement Award, 1935 |
Henry Roe Cloud (December 28, 1884 – February 9, 1950) was an important Ho-Chunk Native American leader. He was a member of the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska. Henry Roe Cloud worked as an educator, a government official, and a Presbyterian minister. He spent his life working to improve education and rights for Native Americans.
Contents
Early Life and Education
Henry Roe Cloud was born on December 28, 1884. He grew up on the Winnebago Reservation in northeastern Nebraska. Sadly, he became an orphan when his parents passed away in 1896 and 1897.
He attended several government schools. Because he was very smart and worked hard, he earned a spot at the private Mount Hermon Preparatory School in Massachusetts in 1901. He paid for his schooling by working at the school. This school helped him get into one of the best universities in the country. He graduated in 1906 as the second-best student in his class.
College Years and Advocacy
Henry Roe Cloud was the first full-blood Native American to attend Yale University. He earned a bachelor's degree in psychology and philosophy from Yale College in 1910. Later, he received a master's degree in anthropology from Yale in 1914.
He was very popular on campus because he was a great speaker. He could attract large crowds when he talked. While at Yale, he met Mary Wickham Roe, a missionary. She and her husband, Reverend Dr. Walter C. Roe, adopted him. He then added their last name, Roe, to his own.
Henry Roe Cloud believed that more Native Americans should go to college. In 1914, he pointed out that very few Native Americans were attending college. He was upset about the lack of education for Native Americans. He helped create a plan to encourage more Native American students to pursue higher education.
After Yale, he studied sociology at Oberlin College from 1910 to 1911. He then went to Auburn Theological Seminary in New York. There, he earned a degree and became a Presbyterian minister in 1913. He later received another advanced degree from Emporia College in Kansas in 1932.
Career and Impact
Henry Roe Cloud was a key figure in the 1920s and 1930s. He worked as a reformer, an educator, and a government official for Native American affairs. His work showed how Native Americans could influence government policies. He also connected his Christian faith with his efforts to bring about change.
He worked with the Office of Indian Affairs and the Brookings Institution. His main goal was to create modern schools for Native American youth. In 1933, he became the superintendent of the Haskell Institute, which is now known as Haskell Indian Nations University.
Henry Roe Cloud played a big part in getting the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 passed. This law was very important for Native American tribes. It helped them gain more control over their own lands and governments.
In 1947, he became the Superintendent of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. In 1948, he was appointed to represent the Grande Ronde and Siletz Indian Agencies in Oregon.
Family Life
Henry Roe Cloud's wife was Elizabeth Bender Roe Cloud (1888-1965). She also spoke widely about Native American issues. She worked with the General Federation of Women’s Clubs. In 1950, she won the American Mother of the Year Award for her important work.
His granddaughter, Renya Ramirez, is a professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz.
Death and Legacy
Henry Roe Cloud passed away from a heart attack in Siletz, Oregon, on February 9, 1950. He was buried in Beaverton, Oregon.
His personal papers, including photographs and documents from his time at Yale and Mount Hermon, are kept at Yale University. These papers offer insights into his thoughts on many Native American tribes and leaders. They also show his views on the relationship between the U.S. government and Native Americans.
In 2010, a conference was held at Yale University to celebrate Henry Roe Cloud's legacy. It marked "100 years of Native American education." Yale University Press also publishes a series of books named after him, called The Henry Roe Cloud Series on American Indians and Modernity.
Images for kids
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Henry Roe Cloud, about 1910
