kids encyclopedia robot

List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars facts for kids

Kids Encyclopedia Facts
Ghotb2
Photo taken from medieval manuscript by Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi. The image depicts an epicyclic planetary model.

The following is a list of Persian scientists, engineers, and scholars who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age.

Top - 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

  • Abdul Qadir Gilani (12th century) theologian and philosopher
  • Abu al-Qasim Muqane'i (10th century) physician
  • Abu Dawood (c. 817–889), Islamic scholar
  • Abu Hanifa (699–767), Islamic scholar
  • Abu Said Gorgani (10th century)
  • 'Adud al-Dawla (936–983), scientific patron
  • Ahmad ibn Farrokh (12th century), physician
  • Ahmad ibn 'Imad al-Din (11th century), physician and chemist
  • Alavi Shirazi (1670–1747), royal physician in Mughal India
  • Amuli, Muhammad ibn Mahmud (c. 1300–1352), physician
  • Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin (900–971), mathematician and astronomer
  • Ansari, Khwaja Abdullah (1006–1088), Islamic scholar
  • Aqa-Kermani (18th century), physician
  • Aqsara'i (?–1379), physician
  • Abu Hafsa Yazid, physician
  • Arzani, Muqim (18th century), physician
  • Astarabadi (15th century), physician
  • Aufi, Muhammad (1171–1242), scientist and historian
  • Albubather, physician and astrologer
  • Ibn Abi al-Ashʿath, physician
  • Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri, theologian and philosopher
  • Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi, mathematician and astronomer

B

  • Brethren of Purity
  • Bahmanyār, philosopher
  • Al-Baghawi (c. 1041–1122), Islamic scholar
  • Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī (1547–1621), poet, philosopher, architect, mathematician, astronomer
  • Baha Al-Dowleh Razi (died c. 915), physician
  • Al-Baladhuri (?–892), historian
  • Abu Ali Bal'ami (10th century), historian
  • Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (787–886), known in Latin as Albumasar, astrologer
  • Abu Zayd al-Balkhi (850–934), geographer and mathematician
  • Banū Mūsā brothers (9th century)
  • Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi, historian
  • Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi, historian and Islamic scholar
  • Al-Bayhaqi, faqih and muhadith
  • Muhammad Baqir Behbahani (1706–1791), theologian
  • Bubares (died after 480 BC), engineer
  • Ibn Bibi (13th century), historian of the Seljuks of Rum
  • Biruni (973–1048), astronomer and mathematician
  • Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870), Islamic scholar
  • Sahl ibn Bishr (c. 786–845 ?), astrologer, mathematician
  • Bukhtishu (8th century?), Persian Christian physician of Academy of Gundishapur
  • Bukhtishu, Abdollah ibn (c. 940–1058), Christian physician in Persia
  • Jabril ibn Bukhtishu (9th century), Christian physician
  • Bukhtishu, Yuhanna (9th century), Christian physician
  • Borzuya (6th century), a.k.a. Borzouyeh-i Tabib, physician of Academy of Gundishapur
  • Birjandi (?–1528), astronomer and mathematician
  • Muhammad Bal'ami, historian
  • Abu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari, physician
  • Abu'l-Fadl al-Bal'ami

D

  • Abu Hanifa Dinawari (815–896), astronomer, agriculturist, botanist, metallurgist, geographer, mathematician, and historian
  • Ibn Durustawayh (872–958), grammarian, lexicographer and student of the Quran and hadith
  • Ibn Qutaybah Dinwari (828–885), historian and theologian

E

  • Abubakr Esfarayeni (13th century?), physician

F

  • Al-Farghani (d. 880), astronomer, known in Latin as Alfraganus
  • Al-Farabi (872–950) (Al-Farabi, Pharabius), philosopher
  • Fazari, Ibrahim (?–777), mathematician and astronomer
  • Fazari, Mohammad (?–796), mathematician and astronomer
  • Feyz Kashani, Mohsen (?–1680), theologian
  • Firishta (1560–1620), historian
  • Ibn al-Faqih, historian and geographer
  • Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi (d. 1278/1279), astronomer
  • Fazlallah Khunji Isfahani (1455–1521), religious scholar, historian and political writer

G

  • Gardizi (?–1061), geographer and historian
  • Ghazali (Algazel, 1058–1111), philosopher
  • Gilani, Hakim (?–1609), royal physician
  • Kushyar Gilani (971–1029), mathematician, geographer, astronomer
  • Zayn al-Din Gorgani (1041–1136), royal physician
  • Rostam Gorgani (16th century), physician
  • Al-Masihi (?–999), Avicenn'a master

H

  • Hakim Ghulam Imam, physician
  • Hakim Muhammad Mehdi Naqi (18th century), physician
  • Hakim Muhammad Sharif Khan (18th century), physician
  • Hakim Nishaburi (933–1012), Islamic scholar
  • Hallaj (858–922), mystic-philosopher
  • Hamadani, Mir Sayyid Ali (1314–1384), poet and philosopher
  • Harawi, Abolfadl (10th century), astronomer of Buyid dynasty
  • Harawi, Muwaffak (10th century), pharmacologist
  • Harawi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf (d. 1542), physician
  • Hasani, Qavameddin (17th century), physician
  • Ibn Hindu (1019–1032), man of letters, physician
  • Haji Bektash Veli, mystic
  • Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani, jurisconsult, mystic, philosopher, poet and mathematician
  • Haseb Tabari, astronomer
  • Hammam ibn Munabbih, Islamic scholar
  • Hamza al-Isfahani (ca. 893–after 961), philologist and historian
  • Abu Ja'far ibn Habash

I

  • Ibn Abi Sadiq (11th century), "The Second Hippocrates", Avicenna's disciple
  • Ibn Isfandiyar (13th-century), historian
  • Ibn Khordadbeh (c. 820–912), geographer
  • Ibn Rustah (9th century), explorer and geographer
  • Ilaqi, Yusef (11th century), Avicenna's pupil
  • Mansur ibn Ilyas (14th century), physician
  • Ibn Sina (Avicenna, 980–1037), philosopher and physician
  • Isfahani, Imad al-Din (1125–1201) historian and rhetorician
  • Isfahani, Jalaleddin (19th century), physician
  • Isfahani, Husayn (15th century), physician
  • Istakhri (?–957), geographer, gives the earliest known account of windmills
  • Iranshahri (9th century), philosopher, teacher of Abu Bakr al-Razi
  • Al-Isfizari (11th–12th century), mathematician and astronomer

J

  • Jabir ibn Hayyan (9th century), alchemist, pharmacist, philosopher, physicist, astronomer
  • Jaghmini (14th century), physician
  • Juwayni (1028–1085), philosopher, theologian
  • Juzjani, Abu Ubaid (?–1070), physician
  • Jamal ad-Din Bukhari (13th century), astronomer
  • Jamasp, sage and philosopher
  • Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī (800–860), geometer

K

  • Karaji (953–1029), mathematician
  • Jamshid-i Kashani (c. 1380–1429), astronomer and mathematician
  • Kashfi, Jafar (1775/6–1850/1), theologian
  • Sadid al-Din al-Kazaruni (14th century), physician
  • Kermani, Iwad (15th century), physician
  • Kermani, Shams-ud-Din, Islamic scholar
  • Al-Khazini (c. 1130), physicist
  • Khayyam, Omar (1048–1131), poet, mathematician, and astronomer
  • Khorasani, Sultan Ali (16th century), physician
  • Al-Kharaqī, astronomer and mathematician
  • Khujandi (c. 940–c. 1000), mathematician and astronomer
  • Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (a.k.a. Al-Khwarazmi, c. 780–c. 850), creator of algorithm and algebra, mathematician and astronomer
  • Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī, logician and philosopher
  • Shams al-Din al-Khafri, astrologer
  • Abū Sahl al-Qūhī, mathematician and astronomer
  • Kubra, Najmeddin (1145–1220)
  • Abu Ishaq al-Kubunani (d. after 1481), mathematician, astronomer
  • Abu Zayn Kahhal, physician

M

  • Al-Mada'ini (752/753–843), historian
  • Mahani (9th century), mathematician and astronomer
  • Majusi, Ibn Abbas (?–c. 890), physician
  • Marvazi, Abu Taher (12th century), philosopher
  • Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi, mathematician, astronomer, geographer
  • Masawaiyh (777–857), or Masuya
  • Mashallah ibn Athari (740–815), of Jewish origins, from Khorasan who designed the city of Baghdad based on Firouzabad
  • Miskawayh (932–1030), philosopher
  • Sharaf al-Zaman al-Marwazi, physician
  • Hamdallah Mustawfi (1281–1349), geographer
  • Mulla Sadra (1572–1640), philosopher
  • Ibn al-Muqaffa' (?–756), founder of Arabic prose along with Abdol-Hamid
  • bin Musa, Hasan (9th century), astronomer, mathematician
  • bin Musa, Ahmad (9th century), astronomer, inventor
  • bin Musa, Muhammad (9th century), astronomer, mathematician
  • Muhammad ibn Muhammad Tabrizi (13th century), philosopher
  • Abu Mansur al-Maturidi, Islamic scholar
  • Muqatil ibn Sulayman, mufassir of Quran
  • Ibn Manda, Hadith scholar
  • Abu Ahmad Monajjem (241/855-56–in 13 Rabi' I 300/29 October 912), music theorist, literary historian
  • Masarjawaih (7th century), physician
  • Muhammad Abdolrahman, physician

N

  • Nagawri (14th century), physician
  • Nahavandi, Benjamin, Jewish scholar
  • Nahavandi, Ahmad (9th century), astronomer
  • Nakhshabi (14th century), physician
  • Narshakhi (899–959), historian
  • Nasir Khusraw (1004–1088), scientist, Ismaili scholar, mathematician, philosopher, traveler and poet
  • Natili Tabari (10th century), physician
  • Naubakht (9th century), designer of the city of Baghdad
  • Naubakht, Fadhl ibn (8th century), astronomer
  • Nawbakhty (4th Hijri century), Islamic scholar, philosopher
  • Nizam al-Din Nishapuri, mathematician, astronomer, jurist, exegete, and poet
  • Nawbakhti, Ruh (10th century), Islamic scholar
  • Nayrizi (865–922), mathematician and astronomer
  • Naqshband, Baha ud-Din (1318–1389), philosopher
  • Abu al-Qasim al-Habib Neishapuri (18th century), physician
  • Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (c. 815–875), Islamic scholar
  • Nurbakhshi (16th century), physician
  • Abu Hafs Umar an-Nasafi, theologian, mufassir, muhaddith and historian
  • Al-Nasa'i, hadith collector
  • Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi, historian and biographer
  • Abu Nu`aym, Islamic scholar

O

  • Ostanes, ancient Persian alchemist

P

  • Paul the Persian (6th century), philosopher

Q

  • Qazwini, Zakariya (1203–1283), physician
  • Qumi, Qazi Sa’id (1633–1692), theologian
  • Qumri (10th century), physician
  • Ali Qushji (1403–16 December 1474), mathematician, astronomer and physician
  • Ali al-Qari, Islamic scholar
  • Ali Ibn Ibrahim Qomi, jurist and Shia scholar
  • Al-Quda'i (d. 1062), judge, preacher and historian in Fatimid Egypt

R

  • Razi, Amin (16th century), geographer
  • Razi, Zakariya (Rhazes) (c. 865–925), chemist, physician, and philosopher
  • Razi, Najmeddin (1177–1256), mystic
  • Rumi, Jalal ad-Din Muhammad (1207–1273), Muslim poet, jurist, Islamic scholar, theologian, and Sufi mystic
  • Rashid-al-Din Hamadani (1247–1318), historian, physician and politician
  • Abu Hatim Ahmad ibn Hamdan al-Razi, Ismaili philosopher
  • Rudaki (858–941), Persian poet

S

  • Sabzevari, Mulla Hadi (1797–1873), poet and philosopher
  • Saghani Ostorlabi (?–990), astronomer
  • Sahl, Fadl ibn (?–818), astronomer
  • Sahl, Shapur ibn (?–869), physician
  • Samarqandi, Najibeddin (13th century), physician
  • Samarqandi, Ashraf (c. 1250–c. 1310), mathematician, astronomer
  • Samarqandi, Dawlatshah (1438–1495/1507) biographer
  • Sarakhsi, Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib (9th century) historian and philosopher
  • Sarakhsi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad (?–1096), Islamic scholar
  • Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib al-Sarakhsi, historian, traveller
  • Shahrastani (1086–1153), historian of religions
  • Shahrazuri (13th century), philosopher and physician
  • Shahrazuri, Ibn al-Salah (1181–1245), Islamic scholar
  • Shaykh Tusi (996–1067), Islamic scholar
  • Ibn Babawayh (923–991), theologian
  • Ibn Sahl, mathematician, physicist
  • Abu ul-Ala Shirazi (d. 1001 CE), physician
  • Shaykh Muhammad ibn Thaleb, physician
  • Shirazi, Imad al-Din Mas'ud (16th century), physician
  • Shirazi, Muhammad Hadi Khorasani (18th century), physician
  • Shirazi, Qutbeddin (1236–1311), astronomer
  • Shirazi, Mahmud ibn Ilyas (18th century), physician
  • Shirazi, Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas (?–1330), physician
  • Shirazi, Qurayshi (17th century), physician
  • Shirazi, Sultan Waezin (1894–1971), theologian
  • Sibawayh, linguist and grammarian
  • Sijzi (c. 945–c. 1020), mathematician and astronomer
  • Sijzi, Mas'ud (14th century), physician
  • Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (903–986), astronomer from Ray who invented the meridian ring
  • Mūsā ibn Shākir, astronomer
  • Suhrawardi, Shahab al-Din (1155–1191), philosopher
  • Abu Sulayman Sijistani, philosopher
  • ‘Abd ar-Razzaq as-San‘ani, Islamic scholar
  • Zayn al-Din Omar Savaji, philosopher and logician
  • Zeynalabdin Shirvani, geographer, philosopher and poet
  • Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani, Ismaili philosopher
  • Abu'l-'Anbas Saymari, astrologer

T

  • Tabarani, Abu al-Qasim (873–970), Islamic scholar
  • Tabari Amoli (839–923), historian
  • Tabari, ibn Farrukhan (?–815), astrologer and architect
  • Tabari, Abul Hasan (10th century), physician
  • Tabari, Ibn Sahl (c. 783–c. 858), Jewish convert physician, master of Rhazes
  • Tabrizi, Maqsud Ali (17th century), physician
  • Taftazani (1322–1390), theologian, linguist
  • Tayfur, Ibn Abi Tahir (819–893), linguist
  • Tirmidhi (824–892), Islamic scholar
  • Tunakabuni (17th century), physician
  • Tughra'i (c. 1061–1122), physician
  • Tusi, Nizam ol-Molk (1018–1092), Persian scholar and vizier of the Seljuq Empire
  • Tusi, Nasireddin (1201–1274), Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian
  • Tusi, Sharafeddin (?–1213/4), mathematician
  • Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tha'labi, Islamic scholar
  • 'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk, Persian or Turkish mathematician

U

  • Safi al-Din al-Urmawi (c. 1216–1294), musician
  • Abu al‐Uqul al‐Tabari (14th century), Yemenite astronomer of Iranian origin

V

  • Amin al-Din Rashid al-Din Vatvat (13th century), scholar and physician

W

  • Waqidi (748–822), historian
  • Wassaf, historian
  • Al-Wabkanawi, astronomer

Y

  • Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq (?–796), mathematician and astronomer
  • Yunus ibn Habib, linguist
  • Yahya ibn Ma'in, Islamic scholar
  • Yunus al-Katib al-Mughanni, musician
  • Yahya ibn Abi Mansur (d. 830 CE), astronomer

Z

  • Dawud al-Zahiri (815–834) theologian and historian
  • Zamakhshari (1074/5–1143/4), scholar and geographer
  • Muhammad Zarrindast (11th century), oculist
  • Zayn-e-Attar (?–c. 1403), physician
  • Zarir Jurjani (9th century), mathematician and astronomer
  • Zakariya al-Qazwini (1203–1283) physician, astronomer, geographer, and proto-science fiction writer

See also

  • List of contemporary Iranian scientists, scholars, and engineers
  • List of Iranian mathematicians
  • Nezamiyeh
  • Academy of Gondishapur
  • International rankings of Iran in science and technology
  • List of Christian scientists and scholars of the medieval Islamic world
  • List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars
kids search engine
List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.