Manuel Teixeira Gomes facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Manuel Teixeira Gomes
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| President of Portugal | |
| In office 5 October 1923 – 11 December 1925 |
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| Prime Minister | António Maria da Silva António Ginestal Machado Álvaro de Castro Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar José Domingues dos Santos Vitorino Guimarães Domingos Pereira |
| Preceded by | António José de Almeida |
| Succeeded by | Bernardino Machado |
| Ambassador of Portugal to the United Kingdom | |
| In office 19 May 1919 – 4 October 1923 |
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| Nominated by | João do Canto e Castro |
| Preceded by | Augusto de Vasconcelos |
| Succeeded by | Augusto de Castro |
| In office 8 April 1911 – 25 January 1918 |
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| Nominated by | Provisional Government |
| Preceded by | Marquis of Soveral |
| Succeeded by | Augusto de Vasconcelos |
| Ambassador of Portugal to Spain | |
| In office 15 February 1919 – 24 April 1919 |
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| Nominated by | João do Canto e Castro |
| Preceded by | António Egas Moniz |
| Succeeded by | Francisco Couceiro da Costa |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 27 May 1860 Portimão, Portugal |
| Died | 18 October 1941 (aged 81) Bougie, French Algeria |
| Political party | Independent |
| Domestic partner | Belmira das Neves (1899–1925) |
| Children | 2 |
| Alma mater | University of Coimbra |
| Occupation |
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Manuel Teixeira Gomes (born May 27, 1860 – died October 18, 1941) was an important Portuguese politician and writer. He served as the seventh President of Portugal from October 5, 1923, to December 11, 1925. He was also a skilled diplomat who represented Portugal in other countries.
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Early Life and Education
Manuel Teixeira Gomes was born in Portimão, Portugal. His father was a wealthy landowner and a successful dried fruit trader. He had traveled a lot and was educated in France.
Manuel went to school in Portimão and later attended the Coimbra seminary. At 16, he started studying medicine at the University of Coimbra. However, he left after a year and moved to Lisbon. There, he became friends with many famous writers and thinkers.
Travels and Business
In 1881, Manuel moved to Porto and met more writers and artists. He even helped start a theater newspaper called Gil Vicente. He also wrote for other newspapers.
In 1891, his father started a company to export figs from the Algarve region. Manuel was sent to find new markets in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. He traveled widely across Europe and spent time in Italy. He also explored North Africa and Asia Minor, which helped him learn about different cultures.
Even after the company closed, Manuel and his father continued the fig business. Their success meant Manuel had to travel for nine months of the year. He only returned to Portugal during the fig picking season.
Becoming a Writer
After 1895, Manuel reconnected with writers in Lisbon. Friends encouraged him to publish his first book, O Inventário de Junho, in 1899.
As his father grew older and less healthy, Manuel spent more time in Portimão. During this period, he published several more books. These included Cartas sem Moral Nenhuma and Agosto Azul in 1904, Sabrina Freire in 1905, and Gente Singular in 1909.
Manuel Teixeira Gomes had two daughters. After he resigned from the presidency, he chose to live outside Portugal. He moved to Oran, Algeria, in 1925 and later to Bougie in 1931. He lived there for the rest of his life and never returned to Portugal. He did not agree with the authoritarian government in Portugal at the time.
Political Career
Manuel Teixeira Gomes was a strong supporter of the republican ideas. He wrote for a newspaper called A Lucta.
After Portugal became a republic in 1910, he was asked to be the Portuguese Minister in London. He traveled to Britain in April 1911 and presented his credentials to King George V. He served as Portugal's representative to the United Kingdom for many years (1911–1918, 1919–1923).
Diplomatic Efforts
As a diplomat, Teixeira Gomes worked closely with the British government. He was the main negotiator for many important issues related to Portugal. He focused on discussions between Britain and Germany about dividing Portuguese colonies. He also helped Portuguese governments decide on Portugal's role in World War I.
In January 1918, Teixeira Gomes returned to Portugal. He was placed under house arrest during a period of dictatorship. After this government fell, he returned to diplomacy. He became Minister to Spain in 1919 and then again to the United Kingdom.
He was part of the Portuguese team at the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920). He also ran for president in 1919 but did not win. He served as a delegate to the League of Nations and was elected Vice-President of its General Assembly in 1922.
President of Portugal
On August 6, 1923, Manuel Teixeira Gomes was elected President of Portugal while he was still abroad. He arrived in Lisbon on October 3, 1923, to take office.
During his time as president, he tried to stop terrorism. He also put down at least four major revolts between 1924 and 1925. These revolts were organized by radical groups and the military. He faced constant challenges from the Nationalist Party. Because he found it hard to manage these political problems, he resigned on December 11, 1925. He said it was due to poor health. He then went into voluntary exile on December 17, 1925, and passed away in Bougie in 1941.
Literary Works
Manuel Teixeira Gomes was a talented writer. Here are some of his published works:
Fiction
- Gente Singular (1909)
- Novelas Eróticas (1934)
- Regressos (1935)
- Miscelânea (1937)
- Maria Adelaide (1938)
- Carnaval Literário (1939)
Theatre
- Sabina Freire (1905)
Correspondence
- Correspondência I e II (1960)
Chronicles and Memoirs
- Inventário de Junho (1899)
- Cartas sem Moral Nenhuma (1903)
- Agosto Azul (1904)
- Cartas a Columbano (1932)
- Londres Maravilhosa (1942)
