Bernardino Machado facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Bernardino Machado
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| President of Portugal | |
| In office 11 December 1925 – 31 May 1926 |
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| Prime Minister | Domingos Pereira António Maria da Silva National Salvation Junta |
| Preceded by | Manuel Teixeira Gomes |
| Succeeded by | José Mendes Cabeçadas |
| In office 5 October 1915 – 12 December 1917 |
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| Prime Minister | José de Castro Afonso Costa António José de Almeida José Norton de Matos Revolutionary Junta |
| Preceded by | Teófilo Braga |
| Succeeded by | Sidónio Pais |
| Prime Minister of Portugal | |
| In office 2 March 1921 – 24 May 1921 |
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| President | António José de Almeida |
| Preceded by | Liberato Pinto |
| Succeeded by | Tomé de Barros Queirós |
| In office 9 February 1914 – 12 December 1914 |
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| President | Manuel de Arriaga |
| Preceded by | Afonso Costa |
| Succeeded by | Azevedo Coutinho |
| Ministerial portfolios | |
| 1921–1921 | Agriculture |
| 1921–1921 | Interior |
| 1921–1921 | Agriculture |
| 1914–1914 | Justice |
| 1914–1914 | Interior |
| 1914–1914 | Foreign Affairs |
| 1911–1911 | Justice |
| 1910–1911 | Foreign Affairs |
| 1893–1893 | Public Works, Trade and Industry Affairs |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 28 March 1851 Rio de Janeiro, Empire of Brazil |
| Died | 29 April 1944 (aged 93) Porto, Portugal |
| Political party | Portuguese Republican (later Democratic) |
| Spouse |
Elzira Dantas Gonçalves Pereira
(m. 1882; died 1942) |
| Children | 8 daughters and 8 sons |
| Education | Liceu Nacional do Porto |
| Alma mater | University of Coimbra |
| Signature |  |
Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães (born March 28, 1851, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – died April 29, 1944, in Porto, Portugal) was an important Portuguese political figure. He served as the President of Portugal two times: first from 1915 to 1917, and again from 1925 to 1926.
In 1917, a military group led by Sidónio Pais took control. They removed Machado from office and made him leave the country. He returned to the presidency in 1925. However, just a year later, in 1926, another military revolution removed him again. This event led to a military dictatorship in Portugal, which lasted for many years.
Contents
Early Life and Education
Bernardino Machado was born in Rio de Janeiro, which was then part of the Empire of Brazil. His father, António Luís Machado Guimarães, was a wealthy merchant. He was also a nobleman.
Bernardino moved to Portugal in 1860. He started studying at Coimbra University in 1866. He first studied mathematics and then graduated in philosophy in 1873. In 1872, he decided to become a Portuguese citizen.
He continued his studies, earning a doctorate in philosophy in 1876. He also studied agriculture. He began teaching at Coimbra University in 1877.
In 1882, he married Elzira Dantas Gonçalves Pereira in Porto. They had many children together. One of his sons-in-law was the famous writer Aquilino Ribeiro.
Starting in Politics
Bernardino Machado started his political career when he was young. He was first elected to the Portuguese parliament in 1882. He represented the area of Lamego. He was re-elected in 1884 for the Coimbra area.
He also served as a Peer of the Realm (a type of senator) for Coimbra University. In 1893, he briefly became the Minister for Public Works. During this time, he created the first special court for workers' issues in Portugal.
Machado was very interested in public education. He joined the Superior Council of Public Education in 1892. He also wrote several books about education.
Becoming a Republican
Over time, Bernardino Machado began to lose faith in the monarchy (rule by a king or queen). In 1903, he decided to join the Portuguese Republican Party. He publicly announced his support for the republican ideas.
He worked hard to help organize and strengthen the Republican Party. He took part in many campaigns to spread republican ideas. He also attended many public meetings.
In 1910, the Republic was declared in Portugal. Machado was then made the Minister for Foreign Affairs. He later became the first Portuguese ambassador to Brazil in 1913.
First Term as President
When he returned to Portugal in 1914, the country was facing political problems. Bernardino Machado was asked to form a new government. He aimed to bring peace between different political groups.
Machado ran for President again in 1915 and was elected. During his first term, Portugal entered World War I. He received Germany's declaration of war in March 1916. He also visited Portuguese soldiers fighting in France.
In 1917, a military coup led by Sidónio Pais removed Machado from power. He was forced to leave Portugal and live in exile.
Return to Presidency and Final Years
Bernardino Machado returned to Portugal in 1919. He was elected as a Senator. He also served as Prime Minister for a few months in 1921.
In 1925, he became President again after the previous president resigned. However, his second term was short. In 1926, he was overthrown by another military revolution. This event led to a long period of military rule and then a dictatorship in Portugal.
He went into exile again, this time in France. He continued to speak out against the Portuguese government. In 1940, during World War II, Germany occupied France. This forced Machado to seek protection in Portugal. The government allowed him to return but kept him confined to his home in northern Portugal.
Bernardino Machado died in Porto in 1944. He was 93 years old, making him the longest-living Portuguese president.
Books
Bernardino Machado wrote several books, mainly about education:
- Introdução à Pedagogia (Introduction to Pedagogy), 1902
- O Ensino (Teaching), 1898
- O Ensino Primário e Secundário (Primary and Secondary Education), 1899
- O Ensino Superior (Higher Education), 1900
See also
In Spanish: Bernardino Machado para niños
