List of prime ministers of Portugal facts for kids

• Top left: Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Duke of Palmela was the first prime minister to be referred as such.
• Top right: António de Oliveira Salazar was the longest serving head of government.
• Bottom left: Aníbal Cavaco Silva was the longest serving prime minister in democracy.
• Bottom right: Luís Montenegro is the current prime minister.

The Prime Minister of Portugal is the leader of the Government of Portugal. This important person makes sure all government ministers work together. They also represent the government and report to the Assembly of the Republic. The prime minister also keeps the President of Portugal updated on government actions.

There is no limit to how many times someone can be prime minister. The President chooses the prime minister after elections. Usually, the leader of the party that gets the most votes becomes prime minister.

The prime minister's official home is a large house next to São Bento Palace. People often call it "São Bento Palace" by mistake. However, many prime ministers have chosen not to live there during their time in office.

How the Prime Minister's Role Began: A Look at History

The idea of a prime minister in Portugal goes way back to the 12th century. Back then, one important official would help the king of Portugal manage the kingdom. This person was like an early version of a prime minister. Over time, different titles were used for this role, such as Mordomo-Mor (Mayor of the Palace) or Secretário de Estado (Secretary of State).

In 1736, three Secretary of State offices were created. The Secretary of State for Internal Affairs was the most important.

Changes During the Liberal Period (1820s-1910)

After the 1820 Liberal Revolution of Porto, Portugal became more democratic. During this time, several Secretaries of State had equal power. But the Minister of the Kingdom (Internal Affairs) was still very important. Sometimes, there was a "Minister Assistant to the Dispatch." This person coordinated all the secretaries, much like a prime minister.

Later, with the Constitutional Monarchy, the title changed to "President of the Council of Ministers." These presidents were clearly the heads of government. They held executive power, but the National Congress limited their power.

The First Republic (1910-1926)

When Portugal became a Republic in the 5 October 1910 revolution, the head of government was called "President of the Ministry." During this period, the parliament had a lot of power. Because of this, governments often changed quickly due to political and social problems.

The Second Republic: Dictatorship and the New State (1926-1974)

After the 28 May 1926 coup d'état, Portugal entered a period of military rule. Later, the Estado Novo (New State) was formed. This was a strong, centralized government. The prime minister was again called "President of the Council of Ministers." This person became the most powerful figure in the country. António de Oliveira Salazar and then Marcello Caetano held this position for almost 42 years.

The Third Republic: Democracy Returns (1974-Present)

The Carnation Revolution in 1974 brought democracy back to Portugal. After this, the title of "Prime Minister" was used again, replacing the "President of the Council."

Prime Ministers of Portugal: A Detailed List

The official list of prime ministers begins with the first President of the Council of Ministers from the time of the constitutional monarchy. Additional columns help track the numbering of prime ministers within different periods, like the First Republic, Second Republic, and Third Republic.

A column on the right shows the official numbering of the "Constitutional Governments." This numbering is different from the prime minister count. A new constitutional government starts whenever new elections happen, even if the same prime minister stays. Also, if a prime minister is replaced during their term, a new constitutional government begins. This means there are more constitutional governments than prime ministers.

The colors in the table show which political party each prime minister belonged to.

      No party/independent
      Chartist/Chamorro
      Chamorro
      Septemberist
      Regenerator
      Historic
      Reformist
      Regenerator/Historic
      Progressist
      Liberal Regenerator
      Republican
      Democratic
      National Republican/Sidonist
      Republican Liberal
      Reconstitution Party
      Nationalist Republican
      Democratic Leftwing Republican
      National Union/People's National Action
      Democratic Renewal Party
      Socialist
      Social Democratic
      Democratic and Social Centre

Constitutional Monarchy – Second Liberalism (1834–1910)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office — Electoral mandates		Political party	Government	Monarch (Reign)
1	Pedro de Sousa Holstein	Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquis of Palmela (1781–1850)	24 September 1834	4 May 1835	Chartist/"Chamorro"	1st Dev.	Maria II Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Portugal and Algarves (1834–1853) and Fernando II Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Portugal and Algarves (1837–1853)
			1834
			Portugal's first official prime minister. This was the first government of the Devorismo period.
2	Vitório Maria de Sousa Coutinho	Vitório Maria de Sousa Coutinho, Count of Linhares (1790–1857)	4 May 1835	27 May 1835	"Chamorro"
			—
3	João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun	João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, Marquis of Saldanha (1790–1876)	27 May 1835	18 November 1835	Independent	2nd Dev.
			—
			Second Devorismo government. He resigned after disagreements about land sales and military help for Spain.
4	José Jorge Loureiro	José Jorge Loureiro (1791–1860)	18 November 1835	20 April 1836	Independent	3rd Dev.
			—
			Third Devorismo government. The government ended because they couldn't pass a budget.
5	António Severim de Noronha	António José Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquis of Vila Flor (1792–1860)	20 April 1836	10 September 1836	"Chamorro"	4th Dev.
			Jul.1836
			Fourth and last Devorismo government. The September Revolution happened during his term.
6	José da Gama Carneiro e Sousa	José da Gama Carneiro e Sousa, Count of Lumiares (1788–1849)	10 September 1836	4 November 1836	Septemberist	1st Set.
			—
			Queen Maria II of Portugal tried to remove the government. He resigned afterward.
—		José Bernardino de Portugal e Castro, Marquis of Valença and Count of Vimioso (1780–1840) (did not take office)	4 November 1836	5 November 1836	Independent	—
			—
			He was appointed but did not actually start his term.
7	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Viscount of Sá da Bandeira (1795–1876)	5 November 1836	1 June 1837	Septemberist	2nd Set.
			Nov.1836
			He reformed local governments. Slavery traffic was stopped in Portuguese colonies.
8	António Dias de Oliveira	António Dias de Oliveira (1804–1863)	1 June 1837	2 August 1837	Septemberist	3rd Set.
			—
			The Revolt of the Marshals happened during his term.
9	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Viscount of Sá da Bandeira (2nd time) (1795–1876)	2 August 1837	18 April 1839	Septemberist	4th Set.
			1838
			The Portuguese Constitution of 1838 was approved.
10	Rodrigo Pinto Pizarro	Rodrigo Pinto Pizarro de Almeida Carvalhais, Baron of Ribeira de Sabrosa (1788–1841)	18 April 1839	26 November 1839	Septemberist	5th Set.
			—
			This was the last government fully led by the Septemberist party.
11	José Travassos Valdez	José Lúcio Travassos Valdez, Count of Bonfim (1787–1862)	26 November 1839	9 June 1841	Septemberist	6th Set.
			1840
			This was a coalition government. Portugal restarted diplomatic relations with other European countries.
12	Joaquim António de Aguiar	Joaquim António de Aguiar (1792–1884)	9 June 1841	7 February 1842	Septemberist	7th Set.
			—
			He was known for his role in closing monasteries in Portugal. He resigned after the 1826 Constitutional Charter was restored.
13	Pedro de Sousa Holstein	Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquis of Palmela (2nd time) (1781–1850)	7 February 1842	9 February 1842	Independent	G.E.
			—
			This government lasted only 3 days. It marked the start of a period called Cabralism.
14	António Severim de Noronha	António José Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquis of Vila Flor (2nd time) (1792–1860)	9 February 1842	20 May 1846	Chartist	1st R. Cart.
			1842, 1845
			Known as the "Restoration Government." He resigned after the Revolution of Maria da Fonte and went into exile. This ended Cabralism.
15	Pedro de Sousa Holstein	Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquis of Palmela (3rd time) (1781–1850)	20 May 1846	6 October 1846	Chartist	2nd R. Cart.
			—
			A palace coup called Emboscada happened during his term.
16	João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun	João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, Duke of Saldanha (2nd time) (1790–1876)	6 October 1846	18 June 1849	Chartist	3rd R. Cart.
			1847
			The Patuleia or Little Civil War happened, which led to a Chartist victory.
17	António Bernardo da Costa Cabral	António Bernardo da Costa Cabral, Count of Tomar (1803–1889)	18 June 1849	26 April 1851	Chartist	4th R. Cart.
			—
			He returned from exile. He resigned due to political and military unrest.
18	António Severim de Noronha	António José Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquis of Vila Flor (3rd time) (1792–1860)	26 April 1851	1 May 1851	Regenerator	5th R. Cart.
			—
			A military uprising happened on May 1, 1851. This marked the start of the Regeneration period.
19	João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun	João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, Duke of Saldanha (3rd time) (1790–1876)	1 May 1851	6 June 1856	Regenerator	1st Reg.
			1851, 1852				Pedro V Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Portugal and Algarves (1853–1861)
			Queen Maria II of Portugal died, and Pedro V became king.
20	Nuno José de Moura Barreto	Nuno José Severo de Mendonça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé (1804–1875)	6 June 1856	16 March 1859	Historic	2nd Reg.
			1856, 1858
			The first railway line in Portugal opened on October 28, 1856.
21	António Severim de Noronha	António José Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquis of Vila Flor (4th time) (1792–1860)	16 March 1859	1 May 1860 (died)	Regenerator	3rd Reg.
			1860
			He died in office from pneumonia.
22	Joaquim António de Aguiar	Joaquim António de Aguiar (2nd time) (1792–1884)	1 May 1860	4 July 1860	Regenerator
			—
23	Nuno José de Moura Barreto	Nuno José Severo de Mendonça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé (2nd time) (1804–1875)	4 July 1860	17 April 1865	Historic	4th Reg.
			1861, 1864				Luis I Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Portugal and Algarves (1861–1889)
			King Pedro V of Portugal died, and Luís I became king.
24	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Marquis of Sá da Bandeira (3rd time) (1795–1876)	17 April 1865	4 September 1865	Reformist	5th Reg.
			—
25	Joaquim António de Aguiar	Joaquim António de Aguiar (3rd time) (1792–1884)	4 September 1865	4 January 1868	Regenerator (with the Historic Party)	6th Reg.
			1865, 1867
			This government was called the "Ministry of Fusion." He had to resign after the Janeirinha uprising.
26	António José de Ávila	António José de Ávila, Duke of Ávila and Bolama (1807–1881)	4 January 1868	22 July 1868	Independent (with Reformists)	7th Reg.
			—
			He removed the tax that caused the Janeirinha uprising. He resigned because of the country's poor economy.
27	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Marquis of Sá da Bandeira (4th time) (1795–1876)	22 July 1868	11 August 1869	Reformist	8th Reg.
			1868, 1869
			Slavery was abolished in all Portuguese territories.
28	Nuno José de Moura Barreto	Nuno José Severo de Mendonça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé (3rd time) (1804–1875)	11 August 1869	19 May 1870	Historic (with Reformists)	9th Reg.
			Mar.1870
			He was forced to resign after coups led by the Duke of Saldanha.
29	João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun	João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, Duke of Saldanha (4th time) (1790–1876)	19 May 1870	29 August 1870	Regenerator	10th Reg.
			—
			King Luis I dismissed him.
30	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo	Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Marquis of Sá da Bandeira (5th time) (1795–1876)	29 August 1870	29 October 1870	Reformist	11th Reg.
			Sep.1870
			King Luis I appointed him.
31	António José de Ávila	António José de Ávila, Marquis of Ávila (2nd time) (1807–1881)	29 October 1870	13 September 1871	Reformist	12th Reg.
			1871
32	António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo	António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo (1819–1887)	13 September 1871	6 March 1877	Regenerator	13th Reg.
			1874
			He was the longest-serving Prime Minister in the Constitutional Monarchy. He focused on industry and public works, and reformed education. This started the industrialization process.
33	António José de Ávila	António José de Ávila, Marquis of Ávila (3rd time) (1807–1881)	6 March 1877	26 January 1878	Reformist	14th Reg.
			—
34	António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo	António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo (2nd time) (1819–1887)	26 January 1878	29 May 1879	Regenerator	15th Reg.
			1878
			He resigned because of a financial problem involving the National Overseas Bank.
35	Anselmo José Braamcamp	Anselmo José Braamcamp de Almeida Castelo Branco (1817–1885)	29 May 1879	23 March 1881	Progressist	16th Reg.
			1879
			His government ended after a vote of no confidence in Parliament.
36	António Rodrigues Sampaio	António Rodrigues Sampaio (1806–1882)	23 March 1881	14 November 1881	Regenerator	17th Reg.
			1881
37	António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo	António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo (3rd time) (1819–1887)	14 November 1881	16 February 1886	Regenerator
			1884
			He made reforms to the Portuguese Army.
38	José Luciano de Castro	José Luciano de Castro Pereira Côrte-Real (1834–1914)	16 February 1886	14 January 1890	Progressist	18th Reg.
			1887, 1889				Carlos I Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Portugal and Algarves (1889–1908)
			The "Pink Map" crisis happened. King Luís I died, and Carlos I became king. The 1890 British Ultimatum was issued.
39	António de Serpa Pimentel	António de Serpa Pimentel (1825–1900)	14 January 1890	11 October 1890	Regenerator	19th Reg.
			1890
			He resigned because of the proposed Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1891.
40	João Crisóstomo de Abreu e Sousa	João Crisóstomo de Abreu e Sousa (1811–1895)	11 October 1890	18 January 1892	Independent	20th Reg.
			—
			A rebellion happened in Porto on January 31, 1891. The Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1891 was signed.
41	José Dias Ferreira	José Dias Ferreira (1837–1909)	18 January 1892	22 February 1893	Independent	21st Reg.
			1892
			He formed a government to calm the political crisis between the Regenerators and Progressives.
42	Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro	Ernesto Rodolfo Hintze Ribeiro (1849–1907)	22 February 1893	5 February 1897	Regenerator	22nd Reg.
			1894, 1895
			He granted self-rule to the Azores and Madeira islands. New laws were passed for pharmacies and forests.
43	José Luciano de Castro	José Luciano de Castro Pereira Côrte-Real (2nd time) (1834–1914)	5 February 1897	26 July 1900	Progressist	23rd Reg.
			1897, 1899
			The city of Porto was quarantined in 1899 due to the bubonic plague.
44	Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro	Ernesto Rodolfo Hintze Ribeiro (2nd time) (1849–1907)	26 July 1900	20 October 1904	Regenerator	24th Reg.
			1900, 1901, 1904
			An electoral law was passed that made it harder for opponents of the Regenerators to be elected.
45	José Luciano de Castro	José Luciano de Castro Pereira Côrte-Real (3rd time) (1834–1914)	20 October 1904	19 March 1906	Progressist	25th Reg.
			1905
			This period was marked by the "Tobacco Issue" controversy.
46	Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro	Ernesto Rodolfo Hintze Ribeiro (3rd time) (1849–1907)	19 March 1906	19 May 1906	Regenerator	26th Reg.
			Apr.1906
			He resigned after only 57 days in government due to police actions against republicans.
47	João Franco	João Ferreira Franco Pinto Castelo-Branco (1855–1929)	19 May 1906	4 February 1908	Liberal Regenerator	27th Reg.
			Aug.1906
			He established a strong government. The Municipal Library Elevator Coup happened on January 28, 1908. King Carlos I and other royal family members were killed in the Lisbon Regicide. Manuel II became king.
48	Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral	Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral (1844–1923)	4 February 1908	26 December 1908	Independent	28th Reg.	Manuel II Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Portugal and Algarves (1908–1910)
			1908
			This was a "government of calm" after the assassination of King Carlos I.
49	Artur de Campos Henriques	Artur Alberto de Campos Henriques (1853–1922)	26 December 1908	11 April 1909	Independent (Regenerator and Progressist)	29th Reg.
			—
50	Sebastião Custódio de Sousa Teles	Sebastião Custódio de Sousa Teles (1847–1921)	11 April 1909	14 May 1909	Independent	30th Reg.
			—
			The 1909 Benavente earthquake happened during his term.
51	Venceslau de Sousa Pereira de Lima	Venceslau de Sousa Pereira de Lima (1858–1919)	14 May 1909	22 December 1909	Independent	31st Reg.
			—
52	Francisco da Veiga Beirão	Francisco António da Veiga Beirão (1841–1916)	22 December 1909	26 June 1910	Regenerator	32nd Reg.
			—
53	António Teixeira de Sousa	António Teixeira de Sousa (1857–1917)	26 June 1910	5 October 1910	Regenerator	33rd Reg.
			1910
			The 5 October 1910 revolution happened, ending the Monarchy. The royal family went into exile.

First Republic (1910–1926)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office — Electoral mandates		Political party	Government	President (Mandate)
54	Teófilo Braga	Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga (1843–1924)	5 October 1910	4 September 1911	Republican	1st	Teófilo Braga Coat of arms of Portugal (1910–1911)
			1911
			The 5 October 1910 revolution occurred. The 1911 Constitution was adopted. A new flag and national anthem were chosen. The government took control of Catholic Church property.
55	João Chagas	João Pinheiro Chagas (1863–1925)	4 September 1911	13 November 1911	Republican	2nd	Manuel de Arriaga Coat of arms of Portugal (1911–1915)
			—
56	Augusto de Vasconcelos	Augusto César de Almeida de Vasconcelos Correia (1867–1951)	13 November 1911	16 June 1912	Republican	3rd
			—
57	Duarte Leite	Duarte Leite Pereira da Silva (1864–1950)	16 June 1912	23 September 1912	Republican	4th
			—
			A royalist attack happened in Chaves.
—	Augusto de Vasconcelos	Augusto César de Almeida de Vasconcelos Correia (1867–1951) (interim)	23 September 1912	30 September 1912	Republican
			—
	Duarte Leite	Duarte Leite Pereira da Silva (1864–1950)	30 September 1912	9 January 1913	Republican
			—
58	Afonso Costa	Afonso Augusto da Costa (1871–1937)	9 January 1913	9 February 1914	Democratic	5th
			—
59	Bernardino Machado	Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães (1851–1944)	9 February 1914	12 December 1914	Democratic	6th, 7th
			—
			Portugal's involvement in World War I began.
60	Victor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho	Victor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho (1871–1955)	12 December 1914	28 January 1915	Democratic	8th
			—
61	Joaquim Pimenta de Castro	Joaquim Pereira Pimenta de Castro (1846–1918)	28 January 1915	14 May 1915	Independent	9th
			—
—		Constitutional Junta composed of: José Norton de Matos António Maria da Silva José de Freitas Ribeiro Alfredo de Sá Cardoso Álvaro de Castro	14 May 1915	15 May 1915	None	—
			—
—	João Chagas	João Pinheiro Chagas (did not take office) (1863–1925)	15 May 1915	17 May 1915	Independent	10th, 11th
			—
62	José de Castro	José Augusto Soares Ribeiro de Castro (1868–1929)	17 May 1915	29 November 1915	Democratic		Teófilo Braga Coat of arms of Portugal (1915)
			1915
63	Afonso Costa	Afonso Augusto da Costa (2nd time) (1871–1937)	29 November 1915	16 March 1916	Democratic	12th	Bernardino Machado Coat of arms of Portugal (1915–1917)
			—
			Germany declared war on Portugal.
64	António José de Almeida	António José de Almeida (1866–1929)	16 March 1916	25 April 1917	Sacred Union (Evolutionist Party with the Democrats)	13th
			—
65	Afonso Costa	Afonso Augusto da Costa (3rd time) (1871–1937)	25 April 1917	7 October 1917	Democratic	14th
			—
			This was a "Sacred Union" government.
—	José Norton de Matos	José Maria Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos (1867–1955) (interim)	7 October 1917	25 October 1917	Democratic
			—
	Afonso Costa	Afonso Augusto da Costa (1871–1937)	25 October 1917	17 November 1917	Democratic
			—
	José Norton de Matos	José Maria Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos (1867–1955) (interim)	17 November 1917	8 December 1917	Democratic
			—
			A coup happened in December 1917.
66	Sidónio Pais	Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais (1872–1918)	8 December 1917	14 December 1918 (died)	National Republican	15th, 16th	Sidónio Pais Coat of arms of Portugal (1918)
			1918
			He was known as the "President-King" and established a strong government. The Spanish flu outbreak occurred. He was assassinated.
67	João do Canto e Castro	João do Canto e Castro da Silva Antunes Júnior (1862–1934)	14 December 1918	23 December 1918	National Republican		João do Canto e Castro Coat of arms of Portugal (1918–1919)
			—
68	João Tamagnini Barbosa	João Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa (1883–1948)	23 December 1918	27 January 1919	National Republican	17th, 18th
			—
			The Monarchy of the North was declared during his term.
69	José Relvas	José Maria Mascarenhas Relvas (1858–1929)	27 January 1919	30 March 1919	Independent	19th
			—
70	Domingos Leite Pereira	Domingos Leite Pereira (1882–1956)	30 March 1919	30 June 1919	Independent	20th
			—
71	Alfredo de Sá Cardoso	Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso (1864–1950)	30 June 1919	15 January 1920	Democratic	21st
			1919
—	Francisco José Fernandes Costa	Francisco José Fernandes Costa (did not take office) (1857–1925)	15 January 1920		Republican Liberal	22nd	António José de Almeida Coat of arms of Portugal (1919–1923)
			—
			He resigned before being sworn in. This was known as the "Five minutes government."
—	Alfredo de Sá Cardoso	Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso (reconducted) (1864–1950)	15 January 1920	21 January 1920	Democratic	21st
			—
			He was asked to form a government again but only lasted 6 days.
72	Domingos Leite Pereira	Domingos Leite Pereira (2nd time) (1882–1956)	21 January 1920	8 March 1920	Independent	23rd
			—
73	António Maria Baptista	António Maria Baptista (1866–1920)	8 March 1920	6 June 1920 (died)	Democratic	24th
			—
			He died during a meeting of the council of ministers.
74	José Ramos Preto	José Ramos Preto (1871–1949)	6 June 1920	26 June 1920	Democratic
			—
			He resigned just 12 days after starting his term. This was due to public anger over increased salaries for government staff.
75	António Maria da Silva	António Maria da Silva (1872–1950)	26 June 1920	19 July 1920	Democratic (with the Socialists and Populars)	25th
			—
76	António Granjo	António Joaquim Granjo (1881–1921)	19 July 1920	20 November 1920	Republican Liberal (with the Reconstitution Party)	26th
			—
77	Álvaro de Castro	Álvaro Xavier de Castro (1878–1928)	20 November 1920	30 November 1920	Democratic (with Reconstitution Party and Populars)	27th
			—
			He held office for only 10 days.
78	Liberato Pinto	Liberato Damião Ribeiro Pinto (1880–1949)	30 November 1920	2 March 1921	Democratic (with Reconstitution Party and Populars)	28th
			—
			There was social unrest and calls for a dictatorship during his term.
79	Bernardino Machado	Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães (2nd time) (1851–1944)	2 March 1921	23 May 1921	Democratic (with Reconstitution Party and Populars)	29th
			—
			He was forced to resign after being accused of planning a coup.
80	Tomé de Barros Queirós	Tomé José de Barros Queirós (1872–1925)	23 May 1921	30 August 1921	Republican Liberal	30th
			—
			Portugal faced an economic crisis and asked for a loan from the United States.
81	António Granjo	António Joaquim Granjo (2nd time) (1881–1921)	30 August 1921	19 October 1921 (Died)	Republican Liberal	31st
			1921
			He was assassinated during the Bloody Night revolt.
82	Manuel Maria Coelho	António Manuel Maria Coelho (1857–1943)	19 October 1921	5 November 1921	Independent	32nd
			—
			He resigned due to fears of foreign intervention because of the country's social and political chaos.
83	Carlos Maia Pinto	Carlos Henrique da Silva Maia Pinto (1866–1932)	5 November 1921	16 December 1921	Independent	33rd
			—
			He resigned after only 40 days because he lacked support after the Bloody Night revolt.
84	Francisco Cunha Leal	Francisco Pinto da Cunha Leal (1888–1970)	16 December 1921	7 February 1922	Democratic	34th
			—
			He resigned after a small diplomatic disagreement with the United Kingdom.
85	António Maria da Silva	António Maria da Silva (2nd time) (1872–1950)	7 February 1922	15 November 1923	Democratic	35th, 36th, 37th
			1922
86	António Ginestal Machado	António Ginestal Machado (1874–1940)	15 November 1923	18 December 1923	Nationalist Republican	38th	Manuel Teixeira Gomes Coat of arms of Portugal (1923–1925)
			—
			He resigned after a failed coup attempt on December 10, 1923.
87	Álvaro de Castro	Álvaro Xavier de Castro (2nd time) (1878–1928)	18 December 1923	7 July 1924	Nationalist Republican (with the Democratics)	39th
			—
			He had conflicts with the military aviation. He resigned shortly after.
88	Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar	Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar (1865–1938)	7 July 1924	22 November 1924	Democratic	40th
			—
89	José Domingues dos Santos	José Domingues dos Santos (1885–1958)	22 November 1924	15 February 1925	Democratic Leftwing Republican	41st
			—
			He resigned after Parliament approved a motion of no confidence.
90	Vitorino Guimarães	Vitorino Máximo de Carvalho Guimarães (1876–1957)	15 February 1925	1 July 1925	Democratic	42nd
			—
91	António Maria da Silva	António Maria da Silva (3rd time) (1872–1950)	1 July 1925	1 August 1925	Democratic	43rd
			—
			He held office for only 30 days.
92	Domingos Leite Pereira	Domingos Leite Pereira (3rd time) (1882–1956)	1 August 1925	18 December 1925	Democratic	44th
			—
			The "Alves dos Reis scandal" involving fake bank notes happened during his term.
93	António Maria da Silva	António Maria da Silva (4th time) (1872–1950)	18 December 1925	30 May 1926	Democratic	45th	Bernardino Machado Coat of arms of Portugal (1925–1926)
			1925
			The 28 May 1926 coup d'état happened, leading to the end of the First Republic.

Second Republic (1926–1974)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office — Electoral mandates		Political party	Government	President (Mandate)
Ditadura Nacional – Military Dictatorship (1926–1932)
94	José Mendes Cabeçadas	José Mendes Cabeçadas Júnior (1883–1965)	30 May 1926	19 June 1926	None	1st Dict.	José Mendes Cabeçadas Coat of arms of Portugal (1926)
			—
			The 28 May 1926 coup d'état happened. He was forced to resign.
95	Manuel Gomes da Costa	Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa (1863–1929)	19 June 1926	9 July 1926	None	2nd Dict.	Manuel Gomes da Costa Coat of arms of Portugal (1926)
			—
			A counter-revolution happened on July 9, 1926. He was forced to resign and sent away to the Azores.
96	António Óscar Carmona	António Óscar Fragoso Carmona (1869–1951)	9 July 1926	18 April 1928	None	3rd Dict.	António Óscar Carmona Coat of arms of Portugal (1926–1951)
			—
			The February 1927 Revolt happened. António de Oliveira Salazar was appointed Finance Minister, focusing on strict financial management.
97	José Vicente de Freitas	José Vicente de Freitas (1869–1952)	18 April 1928	8 July 1929	None	4th Dict. 5th Dict.
			—
			He resigned due to disagreements within the government about the separation of church and state.
98	Artur Ivens Ferraz	Artur Ivens Ferraz (1870–1933)	8 July 1929	21 January 1930	None	6th Dict.
			—
			He resigned due to disagreements with Salazar about the future of the government.
99	Domingos da Costa e Oliveira	Domingos Augusto Alves da Costa e Oliveira (1873–1957)	21 January 1930	5 July 1932	National Union	7th Dict.
			—
			The Madeira uprising happened in 1931. There was also a revolt on August 26, 1931.
Estado Novo – New State (1932–1974)
100	António de Oliveira Salazar	António de Oliveira Salazar (1889–1970)	5 July 1932	25 September 1968	National Union	8th Dict. 9th Dict. 10th Dict.
			1934, 1938, 1942, 1945, 1949, 1953, 1957, 1961, 1965				Francisco Craveiro Lopes Coat of arms of Portugal (1951–1958)
			He was the longest-serving prime minister in Portuguese history. He established the Estado Novo and the 1933 Constitution. He focused on economic stability. Portugal was neutral during World War II. He was a co-founder of the United Nations and NATO. He was replaced after suffering a brain hemorrhage.				Américo Tomás Coat of arms of Portugal (1958–1974)
101	Marcello Caetano	Marcello José das Neves Alves Caetano (1906–1980)	25 September 1968	25 April 1974	National Union from 1970 People's National Action	11th Dict.
			1969, 1973
			The 1969 Portugal earthquake happened. Portugal was involved in the Portuguese Colonial War. The 1973 oil crisis occurred. He was removed from office during the Carnation Revolution and went into exile in Brazil.

Third Republic (1974–present)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office — Electoral mandates		Political party	Government	President (Mandate)
Provisional Governments of the Revolutionary Period (1974–1976)
—		National Salvation Junta composed of: António de Spínola, Francisco da Costa Gomes Jaime Silvério Marques, Diogo Neto, Carlos Galvão de Melo José Baptista Pinheiro de Azevedo, António Alva Rosa Coutinho	25 April 1974	16 May 1974	None	—	António de Spínola Coat of arms of Portugal (1974)
			—
			This military group was put in charge after the Carnation Revolution to keep the government running.
102		Adelino da Palma Carlos (1905–1992)	16 May 1974	18 July 1974	Independent	Prov. I
			—
			He was a lawyer who opposed the Estado Novo. He led a broad government but resigned due to disagreements about the election timeline.
103		Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves (1921–2005)	18 July 1974	19 September 1975	Independent	Prov. II
						Prov. III
						Prov. IV	Francisco da Costa Gomes Coat of arms of Portugal (1974–1976)
						Prov. V
			1975 Cst.
			He was an army colonel. The decolonization of Portuguese colonies in Africa began. Banks and insurance companies were nationalized. A minimum wage was introduced. President Costa Gomes dismissed him.
104		José Baptista Pinheiro de Azevedo (1917–1983)	19 September 1975	23 June 1976	Independent	Prov. VI
			—
			He was an admiral. The independence of Angola was declared, ending the Portuguese Colonial War. A new Constitution was approved.
—		Vasco Fernando Leotte de Almeida e Costa (1932–2010) interim	23 June 1976	23 July 1976	Independent	(Prov. VI)
			—
			He was the Minister of Internal Administration. He became interim Prime Minister when Pinheiro de Azevedo had a heart attack.
Prime Ministers heading Constitutional Governments (1976–present[update])
105	Mário Soares	Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares (1924–2017)	23 July 1976	28 August 1978	Socialist	I	António Ramalho Eanes Coat of arms of Portugal (1976–1986)
						II
			1976
			He was the first democratically appointed prime minister. Portugal faced an economic crisis and received a loan from the International Monetary Fund. Portugal applied to join the EEC. He resigned after disagreements with the CDS party.
106		Alfredo Jorge Nobre da Costa (1923–1996)	28 August 1978	22 November 1978	Independent	III
			—
			He was appointed by the President. He resigned after his government failed to get support from Parliament.
107		Carlos Alberto da Mota Pinto (1936–1985)	22 November 1978	1 August 1979	Independent	IV
			—
			He was appointed by the President. He resigned after his policies failed to pass in Parliament.
108	Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo	Maria de Lourdes Ruivo da Silva de Matos Pintasilgo (1930–2004)	1 August 1979	3 January 1980	Independent	V
			—
			She was the first and only female Prime Minister of Portugal. The National Health Service was founded.
109	Francisco de Sá Carneiro	Francisco Manuel Lumbrales de Sá Carneiro (1934–1980)	3 January 1980	4 December 1980 (died)	Social Democratic	VI
			1979, 1980
			He was the first center-right prime minister after the Revolution. He died in a plane crash.
—	Diogo Freitas do Amaral	Diogo Pinto de Freitas do Amaral (1941–2019) interim	4 December 1980	9 January 1981	Democratic and Social Centre	(VI)
			—
			He was the Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister. He became interim Prime Minister after Sá Carneiro's death.
110	Francisco Pinto Balsemão	Francisco José Pereira Pinto Balsemão (1937–)	9 January 1981	9 June 1983	Social Democratic	VII
						VIII
			—
			The Constitution was revised in 1982, creating the Constitutional Court. The first general strike in democracy occurred. He resigned after poor election results.
111	Mário Soares	Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares (1924–2017) (2nd time)	9 June 1983	6 November 1985	Socialist	IX
			1983
			This was a coalition government. Portugal entered the EEC. The country faced an economic crisis and received another loan from the International Monetary Fund. He resigned when the coalition broke apart.
112	Aníbal Cavaco Silva	Aníbal António Cavaco Silva (1939–)	6 November 1985	28 October 1995	Social Democratic	X
						XI	Mário Soares Coat of arms of Portugal (1986–1996)
						XII
			1985, 1987, 1991
			He was the longest-serving prime minister in democracy. Portugal experienced economic growth and privatized many state-owned industries. His party won an absolute majority for the first time since the revolution. The Chiado fire happened in 1988. Portugal held the Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 1992. Private TV channels became legal.
113	António Guterres	António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres (1949–)	28 October 1995	6 April 2002	Socialist	XIII
						XIV	Jorge Sampaio Coat of arms of Portugal (1996–2006)
			1995, 1999
			Portugal experienced economic growth. Expo 98 was held. The Macau handover happened. Portugal joined the Euro. He resigned after poor results in the 2001 local elections.
114	Durão Barroso	José Manuel Durão Barroso (1956–)	6 April 2002	17 July 2004	Social Democratic	XV
			2002
			The Prestige oil spill occurred. Portugal experienced wildfires in 2003. He resigned to become President of the European Commission.
115	Pedro Santana Lopes	Pedro Miguel de Santana Lopes (1956–)	17 July 2004	12 March 2005	Social Democratic	XVI
			—
			He replaced José Manuel Barroso as Prime Minister. He resigned because the President dissolved Parliament.
116	José Sócrates	José Sócrates de Carvalho Pinto de Sousa (1957–)	12 March 2005	21 June 2011	Socialist	XVII
						XVIII	Aníbal Cavaco Silva Coat of arms of Portugal (2006–2016)
			2005, 2009
			His party won an absolute majority for the first time. Portugal held the Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2007. Same-sex marriage became legal. Portugal faced a financial crisis. He resigned after his austerity measures failed to pass in Parliament.
117	Pedro Passos Coelho	Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho (1964–)	21 June 2011	26 November 2015	Social Democratic	XIX
						XX
			2011, 2015
			Portugal received a bailout from the IMF and ECB. There were mass protests in 2012. He won the 2015 election but lost his majority. He was removed from office after a vote of no confidence.
118	António Costa	António Luís Santos da Costa (1961–)	26 November 2015	2 April 2024	Socialist	XXI
						XXII	Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa Coat of arms of Portugal (2016–present)
						XXIII
			2019, 2022
			He was the first Prime Minister from the second largest party to form a government. His party made an agreement with other left-wing parties. Portugal faced wildfires in 2017. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a recession. Portugal held the Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2021. He resigned after a corruption investigation.
119	Luís Montenegro	Luís Filipe Montenegro Cardoso de Morais Esteves (1973–)	2 April 2024	Incumbent	Social Democratic	XXIV
			2024
			His government is a minority government led by the Democratic Alliance coalition.

Timeline of Prime Ministers

See also

• List of prime ministers of Portugal by time in office
• List of presidents of Portugal
• Politics of Portugal