Native Hawaiians Facts for Kids

Native Hawaiians are the original people of Hawaii. They are a Polynesian group whose ancestors traveled across the Pacific Ocean from islands that are now part of French Polynesia. Today, about 21% of Hawaii's population has Native Hawaiian heritage, though many are of mixed ancestry. Their traditional language is the Hawaiian language, but most people now speak English or Hawaiian Pidgin.

Who are Native Hawaiians?

Native Hawaiians are the first people to live in the Hawaiian Islands. They are part of the larger Polynesian family. This family includes people from New Zealand, Easter Island, and Tahiti. Their ancestors were amazing navigators. They used stars and ocean currents to find their way across vast distances.

Their Ancestral Journey

The first Hawaiians arrived in canoes. They sailed from other Polynesian islands. This journey happened many centuries ago. They brought plants and animals with them. They also brought their culture and traditions. These early settlers built a thriving society. They lived off the land and sea.

Population and Language Today

Today, many people in Hawaii have Native Hawaiian roots. While the Hawaiian language is very special, it is not spoken by everyone. Efforts are being made to teach and preserve it. Many schools now offer Hawaiian language classes. This helps keep the culture alive for future generations.

Traditional Hawaiian Culture

Native Hawaiian culture is rich and unique. It includes many traditions. These traditions are passed down through families. They connect people to their ancestors and the land.

Family and Community (Ohana)

Family, or ohana, is very important. It means more than just close relatives. It includes friends and community members. Everyone helps each other. This strong bond keeps the culture strong. Respect for elders is a key part of ohana.

Spiritual Beliefs and Practices

Ancient Hawaiians had deep spiritual beliefs. They honored nature and their ancestors. They believed in many gods and goddesses. These deities were connected to the land, ocean, and sky. Sacred places, called heiau, were built for worship. These temples were important community centers.

Music, Dance, and Art

Music and dance are central to Hawaiian culture. The hula is a famous dance. It tells stories through movement. Songs, called mele, often describe nature or historical events. Traditional instruments include drums and nose flutes. Art forms like carving and weaving are also very important. They show the skill and creativity of Hawaiian artists.

Hula: The Storytelling Dance

The hula is more than just a dance. It is a way to share history and legends. Dancers use their hands and bodies to express meaning. There are different styles of hula. Some are ancient and sacred. Others are more modern. Learning hula teaches discipline and respect.

Lei Making: A Symbol of Aloha

Lei are garlands of flowers or leaves. They are given as gifts. A lei shows love, respect, or welcome. Making a lei is an art. It takes time and care. Wearing a lei is a special tradition.

Daily Life and Traditions

Life in ancient Hawaii was closely tied to nature. People lived off the land and sea. They had clever ways to get food and build homes.

Food and Farming

Hawaiians were skilled farmers. They grew crops like taro, sweet potatoes, and breadfruit. Taro was pounded to make poi, a staple food. They also fished in the ocean and rivers. Food was often cooked in an imu, an underground oven. This method made food tender and delicious.

Traditional Housing

Homes were typically made from natural materials. They used wood, thatch, and leaves. These homes were cool and comfortable. Villages were often near the coast or in fertile valleys. They were built to be in harmony with the environment.

Sports and Games

Ancient Hawaiians enjoyed many sports. Surfing, or he'e nalu, was a popular activity. They rode waves on wooden boards. Other games included spear throwing and wrestling. These activities kept people strong and entertained.

History and Challenges

The arrival of Europeans brought big changes to Hawaii. This period was challenging for Native Hawaiians.

Arrival of Europeans

Captain James Cook arrived in 1778. This was the first contact with Europeans. More ships followed. They brought new goods and ideas. Sadly, they also brought diseases. Many Hawaiians became sick because they had no immunity.

Kingdom of Hawaii

In the late 1700s, Kamehameha I united the islands. He created the Kingdom of Hawaii. This was a strong and independent nation. Hawaiian monarchs ruled for many years. They worked to protect their people and culture.

Overthrow and Annexation

In 1893, the Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown. This was done by American and European businessmen. In 1898, Hawaii became a territory of the United States. Later, in 1959, Hawaii became the 50th U.S. state. These events had a huge impact on Native Hawaiians.

Native Hawaiian Renaissance

In recent decades, there has been a strong movement to revive Hawaiian culture. This is called the Native Hawaiian Renaissance.

Cultural Revival

People are working hard to bring back traditions. They are learning the Hawaiian language again. Hula schools are thriving. Traditional arts and crafts are being practiced. This revival helps Native Hawaiians connect with their heritage.

Protecting the Land

Native Hawaiians have a deep connection to the land, or aina. They are working to protect Hawaii's natural beauty. They advocate for sustainable practices. This ensures the islands remain healthy for future generations.

Future of Native Hawaiians

Native Hawaiians continue to celebrate their unique culture. They are proud of their history and traditions. They work to ensure their voices are heard. Their goal is to preserve their heritage for all time.

Images for kids

Kamehameha, King of the Hawaiian Islands, pen and watercolor by Louis Choris, 1816, Honolulu Museum of Art
A depiction of a royal heiau (Hawaiian temple) at Kealakekua Bay, c. 1816
Hawaiian man with his two children, circa 1890

Native Hawaiians facts for kids

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