Richard Gridley facts for kids

Richard Gridley (born January 3, 1710 – died June 21, 1796) was an important soldier and engineer from Boston, Massachusetts. He served in the British Army during the French and Indian Wars and later joined the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He played a key role in building defenses and planning battles.

Early Life and Military Service

Richard Gridley married Hannah Deming on February 25, 1730, and they had nine children. He began his military career as an engineer during the French and Indian Wars. He helped with important events like the capture of Fortress Louisbourg in 1745 and the fall of Quebec.

For his good work, Gridley received several rewards. He became a captain in the 65th, or Shirley's Regiment of Foot. He also received land, including the Magdalen Islands and 3,000 acres in New Hampshire, plus money for life.

After a short break, he became a colonel in a Massachusetts regiment in 1755. He worked with William Johnson on an expedition against Fort Saint-Frédéric. In 1756, he was the chief engineer and artillery colonel for John Winslow's expedition against the same fort.

Fighting for American Independence

When the American Revolutionary War began, Gridley chose to support the Thirteen Colonies. He became the Chief Engineer for the New England Provincial Army.

One of his most famous contributions was designing the defenses on Breed's Hill before the Battle of Bunker Hill. He was wounded during this battle but continued to serve.

In 1775, when George Washington formed the Continental Army, Gridley was named its first Chief Engineer. He led the building of strong defenses on Dorchester Heights. These fortifications were so effective that they forced the British army to leave Boston in March 1776.

After Washington moved his army south, Gridley stayed in the Eastern Department as its Chief Engineer.

Later Years and Legacy

Richard Gridley retired from military service in 1781 when he was 70 years old. He passed away on June 21, 1796, in Stoughton, Massachusetts, due to blood poisoning. He is buried in the Canton Corner Cemetery in Canton, Massachusetts.

A monument in Canton Corner Cemetery honors Gridley. It features a cannon, like the ones he used at Bunker Hill. The monument includes quotes from Gridley himself, such as "I shall fight for justice and my country," and a quote from General Washington: "I know of no man better fitted to be Chief Engineer than General Gridley."

Richard Gridley is remembered as a very important military figure from New England. He was known for his bravery, his skill with artillery, and his engineering knowledge. He worked alongside other famous leaders like Prescott, Putnam, Knox, Warren, and Washington.

The United States Army Corps of Engineers recognizes Richard Gridley as 'America's First Chief Engineer'.