Cohoes Falls facts for kids

Quick facts for kids
Cohoes Falls

from the south
Location	Between Cohoes and Waterford, NY, United States
Elevation	180 feet (55 m)
Type	Block
Total height	90 feet (27 m)
Total width	1,000 feet (300 m)
Average flow rate	34,638 cubic feet (980.8 m3)
Watercourse	Mohawk River

Cohoes Falls [Kahon:ios, Mohawk for "High Falls"] is a waterfall on the Mohawk River shared by the city of Cohoes and the town of Waterford, New York. Discovered by the indigenous people, the falls are called Ga-ha-oose or Ga-ho'n'-yoos by the Mohawks, which means "High Falls." Cohoes historian Arthur Masten wrote in his 1880 history that the phrase might mean "Potholes in the River," referring to the potholes that appear in the riverbed when it is dry. However, Kanatsiohareke (Kanatsiohare) and Canajoharie, NY bear names with reference to this meaning in Kanien'ké:ha. In the oral and written tradition of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), the Cohoes Falls are the site where The Great Peacemaker, performed a feat of supernatural strength, convincing the Mohawk people to become the founders of the Iroquois League of Nations or Confederacy. Some historians believe the Mohawks launched the Confederacy as early as 1142 CE, though other experts report dates ranging from 1450–1650.

Early illustration (1772) of Kohoes Falls, from the book En Resa til Norra America by Pehr Kalm.

Celebrated by 18th-century travelers in letters and journals, the Cohoes Falls, also called The Great Falls of the Mohawk, were regarded as the second-most beautiful cataract in New York State after Niagara. In 1804, the national poet of Ireland, Thomas Moore, visited Cohoes and wrote a paean to the waterfall's beauty: "Lines Written at the Cohos, or Falls of the Mohawk River."

In 1831, town leaders built a dam across the Mohawk River to harness the power of the falls to fuel the turbines of the city's burgeoning textile industry. Over the next several decades, the predominant company, Harmony Mills, became the largest manufacturer of cotton in the United States, thanks to its control of local water rights. When all the mills closed in the wake of the Great Depression, city leaders leased the flow rights to a series of power companies, including Niagara Mohawk and Orion Power.

The Erie Canal was planned to overcome the navigational barrier of the Cohoes Falls. The original "Clinton's Ditch", the Erie Canal of 1825, was built through the city of Cohoes. The later Enlarged Canal was realigned, yet still went through the City of Cohoes. The Barge Canal, which opened in 1918, bypasses Cohoes and runs through the Village of Waterford via the Waterford Flight of Locks.

The Cohoes Falls is 90 feet (28 m) high and 1,000 feet (305 m) wide. Its flow is greatest in springtime, sometimes running at 90,000 cubic feet (2,500 m³) of water per second. The flow varies with seasonal variation of Mohawk River flow as well as with diversions for the Barge Canal locks, power generation, and the Cohoes water supply. During the summer, the falls are virtually dry, revealing shale rock formations that have their own distinctive beauty. The 87-year average flow of the Mohawk River at Cohoes is 34,638 cubic feet per second, but this includes water diverted to the power plant and Erie Canal locks.

Early hand-colored postcard of the falls

Cohoes Falls compared to Niagara Falls

• The width of Cohoes Falls is roughly 1,000 feet (300 m), while Niagara Falls' width is 830 feet (250 m) for American Falls and 2,200 feet (670 m) for Horseshoe Falls
• The height of Cohoes Falls ranges from 75 feet (23 m) on the north side to 90 feet (27 m) on the south end. Niagara Falls' height is 70 to 110 feet (34 m) for American Falls and 163 feet (50 m) for Horseshoe Falls.
• Water flow over Cohoes Falls ranges from zero to 90,000 cubic feet per second. (During Hurricane Irene in August 2011, the flow was estimated to be over 100,000 cubic feet per second with a total river flow of 117,000.) Water flow over Niagara Falls ranges from 5,000 to 21,000 cubic feet per second for American Falls and 45,000 to 190,000 cubic feet per second for Horseshoe Falls.
• Cohoes Falls generates about 190,000 megawatt hours (i.e. 190 gigawatt hours) of electricity a year. Niagara Falls produces about 2.4 gigawatt hours in New York and 2.0 gigawatt hours in Canada.
• At Niagara Falls, the annual rate of tourism tops 28 million people. There is no tourist industry at Cohoes Falls.

Gallery

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  Cohoes Falls in spring with high volume of water

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  Cohoes Falls with low water flow

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  Cohoes Falls dry