David Cesarani facts for kids

David Ian Cesarani OBE (13 November 1956 – 25 October 2015) was a Jewish historian who specialised in Jewish history, especially the Holocaust. He also wrote several biographies, including Arthur Koestler: The Homeless Mind (1998).

Academic career

Cesarani held positions at the University of Leeds, at Queen Mary University of London, and at the Wiener Library in London, where he was director for two periods in the 1990s. He was professor of Modern Jewish history at the University of Southampton from 2000 to 2004 and research professor in history at Royal Holloway, University of London from 2004 until his death. Here he helped establish and direct the Holocaust Research Centre.

Adolf Eichmann and critiquing Arendt's "banality of evil" thesis

In 2005, he published Eichmann: His Life and Crimes, a biography of Nazi official Adolf Eichmann. It featured previously unused primary source material, including Eichmann's reports and speeches dating from 1937 in which he describes his beliefs in a Jewish conspiracy. The book aimed to dispel Hannah Arendt's "banality of evil" thesis regarding Eichmann in which Eichmann is described as a bureaucrat far removed from brutalities of the Holocaust, following orders instead of advancing ideology. Cesarani's account rejects this outline, detailing Eichmann's attachment to Nazi ideology. Cesarani argues that Arendt's account of the Eichmann trial was hindered by her prejudice towards the Eastern European Jewish background of the prosecutor, Gideon Hausner.

Public activism

Holocaust consciousness

Cesarani was a member of the Home Office' Holocaust Memorial Day Strategic Group and was once Director of the AHRC Parkes Centre, part of the Parkes Institute for the Study of Jewish/non-Jewish Relations. He was co-editor of the journal Patterns of Prejudice and the Parkes-Wiener Series of books on Jewish Studies (published by Vallentine-Mitchell). In February 2005, Cesarani was awarded an OBE for "services to Holocaust Education and advising the government with regard to the establishment of Holocaust Memorial Day".

Israeli–Arab conflict and Zionism

Cesarani believed that Israel's right to exist is unquestionable, and that "[d]enying the right of Israel to exist begs some serious questions." He was strongly critical of academic and business boycotts against Israel in the United Kingdom. However he was also critical of Israeli government policy, conduct and expansionist sentiments.

He saw the controversy over the Israeli West Bank barrier as being unimportant, and that it is used as a photo opportunity for the world's media. Of the wall itself "it's a concern if land is misappropriated from the Palestinians, or if Palestinian lives become intolerable, but its true significance is in the total disintegration of trust between Jews and Palestinians", though he also believed some reactions to the barrier have been under-reported, for example that "some Arab towns, especially in southern Galilee, have welcomed the wall as a means of preventing Palestinians entering Israeli towns and adding to the unemployment and instability."

Personal life

Cesarani was born in London to Henry, a hairdresser, and Sylvia (née Packman). His parents were communists, and his childhood home was not significantly characterized by Jewish activity. An only child, he won a scholarship to Latymer Upper School in west London and went to Queens' College, Cambridge, in 1976, where he gained a first in history. A master's degree in Jewish history at Columbia University, New York, working with the scholar of Judaism Arthur Hertzberg, shaped the rest of his career. His doctorate at St Antony's College, Oxford, looked into aspects of the history of the interwar Anglo-Jewish community.

In the summer of 1974, as a result of the Yom Kippur War, Cesarani and a group of school friends together with a cousin and two of her friends spent six weeks at Kibbutz Mashabei Sadeh. Later, before starting his degree at Cambridge in 1976, he spent a gap year in Israel working at Kibbutz Givat Haim (Ihud). His involvement in Zionism was to be accompanied by nagging doubts that arose from this period, where he observed local Arabs were not accorded respect. He recalled the shock he felt on discovering that the kibbutzniks had not been forthcoming about the history of the fields where he worked, near Qaqun. He said: "We were always told that the pile of rubble at the top of the hill was a Crusader castle. It was only much later that I discovered it was an Arab village that had been ruined in the Six-Day war".

Cesarani ran marathons and cycled.

Cesarani died on 25 October 2015, following the previous month's surgery to remove a cancerous spinal tumour. He had been diagnosed with the cancer in July 2015. He spent the week before his operation checking the footnotes for his final book at the Institute of Historical Research in London, and he was still writing ten days before his death. He had completed two works scheduled to be published in 2016: Final Solution: The Fate of the Jews 1933–1949 and Disraeli: The Novel Politician.

Awards

• 2006: National Jewish Book Award in the History category for Becoming Eichmann: Rethinking the Life, Crimes, and Trial of a "Desk Murderer"