Zhao Bing facts for kids
Quick facts for kids Zhao Bing趙昺 |
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| Emperor of the Song dynasty | |||||||||
| Reign | 10 May 1278 – 19 March 1279 | ||||||||
| Coronation | 10 May 1278 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Emperor Duanzong | ||||||||
| Successor | Kublai Khan (Yuan dynasty) | ||||||||
| Born | Zhao Bing 12 February 1272 Lin'an, Song Empire (present-day Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China) |
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| Died | 19 March 1279 (aged 7) Yamen, Guangnan East Circuit, Song Empire (present-day Xinhui, Guangdong, China) |
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| Burial | Song Shaodi's Tomb (宋少帝陵, in present-day Chiwan, Shenzhen, Guangdong) | ||||||||
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| House | Zhao | ||||||||
| Dynasty | Song (Southern Song) | ||||||||
| Father | Emperor Duzong | ||||||||
| Mother | Lady Yu | ||||||||
| Zhao Bing | |||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 趙昺 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 赵昺 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | "Glorious Zhao" | ||||||
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| Emperor Bing of Song | |||||||
| Chinese | 宋帝昺 | ||||||
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Zhao Bing (born February 12, 1272 – died March 19, 1279) was the 18th and last emperor of the Song dynasty in China. He was also known as Emperor Bing of Song. He ruled for about 313 days when he was only six or seven years old.
Zhao Bing was the ninth and final emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. His short rule, and the entire Song dynasty, ended when the Song forces were completely defeated by the Yuan dynasty at the Battle of Yamen. This was a major naval battle. After the battle, a loyal official named Lu Xiufu took the young emperor and jumped into the sea, ending both their lives.
Early Life of Zhao Bing
Zhao Bing was the seventh son of Emperor Duzong. His mother was Lady Yu. He was a younger half-brother to two previous emperors, Zhao Xian and Zhao Shi. In 1274, he was given the title "Prince of Xin." Later, his title was changed to "Prince of Guang."
In 1276, the Song capital city, Lin'an (which is now Hangzhou), was taken over by the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The emperor at the time, Emperor Gong, surrendered to the Mongols. However, his two brothers, Zhao Shi and Zhao Bing, managed to escape. They were helped by loyal officials like Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie.
They traveled to Jinhua, where Zhao Shi was made the Grand Marshal, a top military leader. Zhao Bing was made the Vice Grand Marshal. Zhao Bing's title was also changed again, this time to "Prince of Wei." On June 14, 1276, seven-year-old Zhao Shi became the new emperor in Fuzhou. He is known in history as Emperor Duanzong.
The Mongol general Bayan wanted to completely defeat the remaining Song forces. He led his troops to chase them into southern China. In 1278, Emperor Duanzong became ill and died. This made the Song soldiers lose hope, and many started to leave the army. Lu Xiufu then took Zhao Bing to Meiwei, which is now part of Lantau Island in Hong Kong.
There, Zhao Bing was made the new emperor. His reign was called "Xiangxing." The area where he was crowned was also renamed "Xianglong County." To avoid the Mongols, they moved again to Yamen, in present-day Guangdong Province.
Zhao Bing's Reign and the End of the Song Dynasty
The Mongols sent General Zhang Hongfan to attack Zhao Bing and the remaining Song forces. This led to the famous Battle of Yamen. The Song army, led by Zhang Shijie, fought bravely in a naval battle. However, they were eventually defeated by the Mongols.
On March 19, 1279, it became clear that the battle was lost. Lu Xiufu, seeing no other choice, carried the seven-year-old Emperor Zhao Bing to a cliff. They both jumped into the sea. Zhao Bing's death marked the complete end of the Song dynasty.
Zhao Bing's tomb is located in Chiwan, Nanshan District, Shenzhen. The tomb was found again in the 1960s. Even though it's not fully confirmed if the body inside is his, efforts were made in 1984 to restore and expand the site.
Patriotic Soup
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There is a local story from Guangdong Province. Before the final battle at Yamen, Zhao Bing and the Song survivors found shelter in a monastery in Chaozhou. The monks at the monastery served them a simple soup. It was made from leafy greens, edible mushrooms, and vegetable broth.
The young emperor loved the soup and named it "Protect the Country Dish." Later, people started calling it "Patriotic Soup" in English. After Zhao Bing died, making this soup became a way to honor the last Song emperor.
See also
In Spanish: Zhao Bing para niños
- Chinese emperors family tree (middle)
- List of emperors of the Song dynasty
- Architecture of the Song dynasty
- Culture of the Song dynasty
- Economy of the Song dynasty
- History of the Song dynasty
- Society of the Song dynasty
- Technology of the Song dynasty
- Sung Wong Toi
