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H. D. Deve Gowda
H. D. Deve Gowda BNC.jpg
Deve Gowda in 2015
0th Prime Minister of India
In office
1 June 1996 – 21 April 1997
President Shankar Dayal Sharma
Preceded by Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Succeeded by Inder Kumar Gujral
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
Assumed office
26 June 2020
Preceded by D. Kupendra Reddy
Constituency Karnataka
In office
23 September 1996 – 2 March 1998
Preceded by Leeladevi Renuka Prasad
Succeeded by A. Laxmisagar
Constituency Karnataka
Minister of Home Affairs
In office
1 June 1996 – 28 June 1996
Prime Minister Himself
Preceded by Murli Manohar Joshi
Succeeded by Indrajit Gupta
8th Chief Minister of Karnataka
In office
11 December 1994 – 31 May 1996
Governor Khurshed Alam Khan
Preceded by Veerappa Moily
Succeeded by Jayadevappa Halappa Patel
President of Janata Dal (Secular)
Assumed office
July 1999
Preceded by Position established
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
In office
17 May 2004 – 23 May 2019
Preceded by G. Puttaswamy Gowda
Succeeded by Prajwal Revanna
Constituency Hassan
In office
2 February 2002 – 16 May 2004
Preceded by M. V. Chandrashekara Murthy
Succeeded by Tejashwini Sreeramesh
Constituency Kanakapura
In office
10 March 1998 – 26 April 1999
Preceded by Rudresh Gowda
Succeeded by G. Puttaswamy Gowda
Constituency Hassan
In office
20 June 1991 – 11 December 1994
Preceded by H.C Srikantaiah
Succeeded by Rudresh Gowda
Constituency Hassan
Member of Karnataka Legislative Assembly
In office
1994 (1994)–1996 (1996)
Preceded by CM Lingappa
Succeeded by CM Lingappa
Constituency Ramanagara
In office
1962 (1962)–1989 (1989)
Preceded by Y. Veerappa
Succeeded by G. Puttaswamy Gowda
Constituency Holenarasipur
Personal details
Born (1933-05-18) 18 May 1933 (age 90)
Haradanahalli, Kingdom of Mysore, British India
(present-day Karnataka, India)
Political party Janata Dal (Secular)
(1999–present)
Other political
affiliations
Spouse
Chennamma
(m. 1954)
Children 6 children; including H. D. Revanna,
H. D. Kumaraswamy
Education Diploma in Civil Engineering
Alma mater L. V. Polytechnic, Hassan
Profession Politician, Farmer, Civil engineer
Signature
Nicknames Mannina Maga
Dodda Gowdaru

Haradanahalli Doddegowda Deve Gowda (; born 18 May 1933) is an Indian politician who served as the 11th prime minister of India from 1 June 1996 to 21 April 1997. He was previously the 14th Chief Minister of Karnataka from 1994 to 1996. He presently is a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha representing Karnataka. He is the national president of the Janata Dal (Secular) party. Born in a farming family, he joined the Indian National Congress party in 1953, and remained a member until 1962. He was imprisoned during the Emergency. He became President of the state unit of Janata Dal in 1994, and was considered to be a driving force in the party's victory in Karnataka. He served as the 8th Chief Minister of Karnataka from 1994 to 1996. In the 1996 general elections, no party won enough seats to form a government. When the United Front, a coalition of regional parties, formed the central government with the support of the Congress, Deve Gowda was unexpectedly chosen to head the government and was elected Prime Minister. During his tenure as prime minister, he also served as Home Minister for some time. His prime ministerial tenure lasted for less than a year. After his prime ministerial tenure, he was elected to the 12th (1998), 14th (2004), 15th, and 16th Lok Sabha, as Member of Parliament for the Hassan Lok Sabha constituency. He lost Lok Sabha elections in 2019 from Tumkuru but has been elected to Rajya Sabha since.

Early life

H. D. Deve Gowda was born on 18 May 1933 in Haradanahalli, a village in Holenarasipura Taluk, of the erstwhile Kingdom of Mysore (now in Hassan, Karnataka). His father Dodde Gowda was a paddy farmer and mother, Devamma was a home maker.

Gowda earned a diploma in civil engineering from L. V. Polytechnic, Hassan, in the early 1950s.

Deve Gowda and Manmohan Singh
Deve Gowda and Manmohan Singh
The former Prime Minister, Shri H.D. Deve Gowda calls on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on December 11, 2015
Deve Gowda and Narendra Modi

Politics

Gowda joined the Indian National Congress party in 1953 and remained a member until 1962. During that period, he was President of Anjaneya Cooperative Society of Holenarasipura and later became a member of the Taluk Development Board of Holenarasipura.

In 1962, Gowda was elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Holenarasipura constituency as an independent candidate. Later, he was elected from the same constituency to the Assembly for six consecutive terms from 1962 to 1989. He joined the Congress (O) during the Congress split and served as the Leader of Opposition in the Assembly from March 1972 to March 1976 and again from November 1976 to December 1977. During the Emergency (1975–77), he was imprisoned in the Bangalore Central Jail.

Gowda was the two time President of state unit of the Janata Party. He continued to win from Holenarasipur assembly segment on Janata Party's ticket in 1978, 1983 and 1985. He served as a minister in the Janata Party Government in Karnataka headed by Ramakrishna Hegde from 1983 to 1988. When V P Singh joined Janata Dal, Subramanian Swamy formed Janata Party (Jaya Prakash) faction, and Deve Gowda joined him to become Janata Party (JP)'s Karnataka President. But he lost from Holenarasipur in 1989, and soon later rejoined Janata Dal. He became President of the state unit of Janata Dal in 1994 and was the driving force behind the victory of the party in the 1994 State Assembly elections. He was elected from the Ramanagara, and sworn in as the 14th Chief Minister of Karnataka in December.

In January 1995, Gowda toured Switzerland and attended the Forum of International Economists. His tour to Singapore brought in foreign investment to the State.

Prime Minister

In the 1996 general elections, the Congress party headed by P. V. Narasimha Rao lost decisively but no other party won enough seats to form a government.

When the United Front (a conglomeration of non-Congress and non-BJP regional parties) decided to form the Government at the Centre with the support of the Congress, Deve Gowda was unexpectedly chosen to head the government and became the 11th Prime Minister of India. He took over as Prime Minister of India on 1 June 1996 and continued until 21 April 1997. Also, he was the Chairman of the Steering Committee of the United Front, the policy making apex body of all the constituents of the ruling front. He is credited for providing financial closure and kickstarting development of the Delhi Metro Project.

Post-premiership

The Janata Dal (Secular) traces its roots back to the Janata Dal founded by V. P. Singh.

The Janata Dal was formed on the merger of the Janata Party with smaller opposition parties in 1988. Vishwanath Pratap Singh became the first Prime Minister of India from Janata Dal when he headed the National Front government in 1989. Later Deve Gowda and Inder Kumar Gujral too became prime ministers heading the United Front (UF) coalition governments in 1996 and 1997 respectively.

In 1999, when some senior leaders of the party decided to join hands with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-led NDA, the party split into factions. Many leaders, including Madhu Dandawate and Siddaramaiah, joined the Janata Dal (Secular) faction headed by Deve Gowda, who became the National president of this faction.

He was defeated in the 1999 general elections.

The 2004 elections in Karnataka witnessed the revival of his party's fortunes under the leadership of Siddaramaiah with the Janata Dal (Secular) winning 58 seats and becoming a part of the ruling coalition in the state. Later, the party joined with the BJP and formed an alternate government in 2006. His son H. D. Kumaraswamy headed the BJP-JD(S) coalition government in the state for 20 months. In the 2008 state elections, the party performed poorly and won just 28 seats, but it has remained a significant force in South Karnataka.

Deve Gowda expelled Siddaramaiah and CM Ibrahim JDS party, because Siddaramaiah led AHINDA movement; representing minority, backward, and Dalit people in Karnataka. Later, both Siddaramaiah and CM Ibrahim joined the Indian National Congress, which won the 2013 Vidhana Sabha election. Siddaramaiah was elected as the Chief Minister of Karnataka state in 2013.

In 2008, JDS did not transfer the power to BJP with B. S. Yediyurappa as CM in accord to the initial negotiation. This led to major setback for JDS in 2008 vidhana sabha election, JDS received only 28 seats compared to 58 seats in the 2004 vidhana sabha election. Since B. S. Yediyurappa is from Lingayath community, largest in the Karnataka state, many leaders in JDS from Lingayath community such as M. P. Prakash quit the party. B. S. Yediyurappa was elected as the Chief Minister of Karnataka state in 2008. Deve Gowda abused B. S. Yediyurappa, who was then chief minister of Karnataka. This event was termed as "new low in Indian politics". Gowda later apologised for hurling abuse at the chief minister of Karnataka.

Deve Gowda contested the 2019 general elections against G. S. Basavaraj in Tumkur Lok Sabha constituency of Karnataka. G. S. Basavaraj, BJP candidate of Tumkur Constituency won against Deve Gowda by a margin of 13,339 votes. G. S. Basavaraj polled 5,96,127 votes while Deve Gowda got 5,82,788 votes.

Personal life

He married Chennamma in 1954. They have six children together: four sons, including politicians H. D. Revanna and H. D. Kumaraswamy, who is the former Chief Minister of Karnataka, and two daughters.

Electoral history

Legislative Assembly Elections
Year Constituency Party Result Votes Opposition Candidate Opposition Party Opposition votes Ref
1962 Holenarasipur IND Won 12,622 H. D. Doddegowda INC 7,338
1967 Holenarasipur IND Won 20,594 H. D. Doddegowda INC 12,191
1972 Holenarasipur INC(O) Won 26,639 K. Kumaraswamy INC 20,475
1978 Holenarasipur JNP Won 33,992 K. Kumaraswamy INC 28,472
1983 Holenarasipur JNP Won 37,239 K. Kumaraswamy INC 28,158
1985 Holenarasipur JNP Won 41,230 G. Puttaswamy Gowda IND 38,063
1985 Sathanur JNP Won 45,612 D. K. Shivakumar INC 29,809
1989 Holenarasipur JNP Lost 45,461 G. Puttaswamy Gowda INC 53,297
1994 Ramanagara JD Won 47,986 C. M. Lingappa INC 38,392
Parliament Elections
Year Constituency Party Result Votes Opposition Candidate Opposition Party Opposition votes Ref
1991 Hassan JNP Won 2,60,761 H. C. Srikantaiah INC 2,57,570
1998 Hassan JD Won 3,36,407 H. C. Srikantaiah INC 3,04,753
1999 Hassan JD(S) Lost 2,56,587 G. Putta Swamy Gowda INC 3,98,344
2002
(bypoll)
Kanakapura JD(S) Won 5,81,709 D. K. Shivakumar INC 5,29,133
2004 Hassan JD(S) Won 4,62,625 H. C. Srikantaiah INC 2,72,320
2004 Kanakapura JD(S) Lost 4,62,320 Tejashwini Sreeramesh INC 2,72,320
2009 Hassan JD(S) Won 4,96,429 K. H. Hanume Gowda BJP 2,05,316
2014 Hassan JD(S) Won 5,09,841 A. Manju INC 4,09,379
2019 Tumkur JD(S) Lost 5,82,788 G. S. Basavaraj BJP 5,96,127

Positions held

The former Prime Minister, Shri H.D. Deve Gowda addressing at the release of Book “MOVING ON… MOVING FORWARD A YEAR IN OFFICE”, published on the completion of One Year in the Office of the Vice President
Deve Gowda giving a speech
  • 1962–1989, 1994–1996 : Member, Karnataka Legislative Assembly
  • 1972–1976 : Leader of Opposition, Karnataka Legislative Assembly.
  • 1978 : Member, Karnataka Legislative Assembly, from Holenarasipur
  • 1983–1988 : Minister for Public Works and Irrigation, Government of Karnataka.
  • 1989 : Karnataka State President of the new Janata Party (Jaya Prakash) faction. Subramanian Swamy was the national president.
  • 1991 : Elected to 10th Lok Sabha from Hassan (Lok Sabha constituency)
  • 1991–1994 : Member, Committee on Commerce
    • Member, Joint Parliamentary Committee on Fertilizers
    • Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Agriculture
  • 1994 : President, Janata Dal, Karnataka.
  • 1994–1996 : Chief Minister of Karnataka,
  • Jun. 1996 – Apr. 1997 : Prime Minister of India and also in charge of Ministries/Departments of Petroleum and Chemicals, Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Atomic Energy, Home Affairs, Agriculture, Food Processing Industries, Urban Affairs and Employment and Non-Conventional Energy Sources
  • 1996–1998 : Member, Rajya Sabha
  • Nov. 1996-Apr. 1997 : Leader of the House, Rajya Sabha
  • 1998 : Re-elected to 12th Lok Sabha (2nd term).
    • National President, Janata Dal (Secular)
  • 2002 : Re-elected to 13th Lok Sabha winning a by-election from Kanakpura. (3rd term)
  • 2004 : Contested elections for 14th Lok Sabha from two seats.
    • Was elected to 14th Lok Sabha (4th term), from Hassan
    • But lost from Kanakpura, where he came third behind the winner Tejashwini Gowda (Congress) and Ramachandra Gowda (BJP).
  • 2006–2008 : Member, Committee on Railways
  • 2009 : Re-elected to 15th Lok Sabha (5th term)
  • 31 Aug 2009 : Member, Committee on Defence
  • 2014 : Re-elected to 16th Lok Sabha (6th term)
  • 1 Sep 2014 : Appointed member, Standing Committee on Defence
  • 23 May 2019: Lost from Tumkur in 17th Lok Sabha elections. This was the third time he lost a Lok Sabha election as a former Prime Minister, after defeats in 1999 and 2004.
  • 2020 : Elected to Rajya Sabha from Karnataka.

See also

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