Lithium hydroxide facts for kids
Lithium hydroxide is a special chemical compound. It's made of two parts: lithium and hydroxide ions. Think of it like a tiny building block with these two pieces joined together. Its chemical formula is LiOH.
Contents
What is Lithium Hydroxide Like?
Lithium hydroxide is a white solid, just like sugar or salt. It can come in two forms:
- Anhydrous: This means it's completely dry, without any extra water molecules attached.
- Hydrated: This form has water molecules connected to it.
When you mix lithium hydroxide with water, it dissolves and creates a basic solution. This means it's the opposite of an acid. It also reacts with acids to form different lithium salts.
How is Lithium Hydroxide Made?
One common way to make lithium hydroxide is by mixing lithium carbonate with calcium hydroxide. When these two chemicals meet, they create a solid called calcium carbonate (which is like chalk!). What's left behind is a solution of lithium hydroxide. You can also make it by reacting lithium metal directly with water, or by adding water to lithium oxide.
Where is Lithium Hydroxide Used?
Lithium hydroxide is a very useful chemical!
Cleaning Air in Space
One of its most important jobs is in spaceships! Astronauts need to breathe fresh air, but they also breathe out carbon dioxide. Too much carbon dioxide can be dangerous. Lithium hydroxide helps by absorbing the carbon dioxide, turning it into lithium carbonate. This keeps the air safe for astronauts to breathe.
Making Special Greases
It's used to make special greases called lithium greases. These greases are great because they don't mix with water and can work well in very hot or very cold temperatures. They are often used in machines and vehicles.
Other Important Uses
Lithium hydroxide can also be used to transfer heat in some systems. It's found in electrolytes, which are important for electricity to flow. In some nuclear reactors, it helps prevent parts from rusting or wearing away. You might also find it used to make ceramics shiny or in cement.
Is Lithium Hydroxide Safe?
Like many strong chemicals, lithium hydroxide needs to be handled carefully. It is corrosive, which means it can burn your skin or eyes if you touch it directly. It's also a little bit toxic because it contains lithium. Always make sure an adult is present when handling any chemicals.
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