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Mars 2020
PIA23962-Mars2020-Rover&Helicopter-20200714.jpg
Artist's rendition of the Perseverance rover on Mars, with the mini-helicopter Ingenuity in front
Mission type Mars exploration
Operator
Mission duration
  • 1787d 22h 29m (elapsed)
  • 1 Mars year (668 sols, 687 Earth days) (planned)
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft
Start of mission
Launch date 30 July 2020, 11:50 UTC
Rocket Atlas V 541 (AV-088)
Launch site Cape Canaveral, SLC-41
Contractor United Launch Alliance
Mars rover
Landing date 18 February 2021, 20:55 UTC
Landing site Jezero crater
Mars 2020 NASA insignia.svg Mars 2020 JPL second insignia.svg
NASA (left) and JPL (right) insignias
Mars Exploration Program
Mars sample-return mission →

The Mars 2020 mission is a special space project by NASA. It includes a robot car called Perseverance and a small helicopter named Ingenuity. Their main job is to explore the planet Mars.

The mission launched from Earth on July 30, 2020. It was sent into space on an Atlas V rocket. The spacecraft landed safely on Mars on February 18, 2021. It touched down in a place called Jezero Crater. As of 22 June 2025, the Perseverance rover has been exploring Mars for 1542 sols. A "sol" is a Martian day, which is a little longer than an Earth day.

Exploring Mars with Perseverance

The Perseverance rover is like a robotic scientist on wheels. Its main goal is to look for signs of ancient life on Mars. It is exploring an old environment that might have once supported tiny living things.

What Perseverance Investigates

The rover studies the geology (rocks and soil) of Mars. It wants to understand how the planet changed over time. Scientists want to know if Mars was ever a place where life could have existed. They are also searching for biosignatures. These are clues that show if life was once present in the rocks.

Collecting Samples

A very important part of the mission is collecting rock and soil samples. Perseverance has a special drill to get these samples. It puts them into sealed containers. These containers are left on the Martian surface. A future mission might pick them up and bring them back to Earth. This would let scientists study them in detail.

Perseverance's Tools

The Perseverance rover is packed with amazing tools. It has 19 cameras to take many pictures of Mars. It also has two microphones. These allow us to hear sounds from the Martian environment for the first time. This helps scientists learn even more about the planet. The rover's design is based on the older Curiosity rover. This means it uses many parts that have already been tested.

Ingenuity: The First Mars Helicopter

The Ingenuity helicopter is a small drone. It traveled to Mars attached to the belly of the Perseverance rover. Ingenuity is the first aircraft to fly on another planet.

How Ingenuity Helps

Ingenuity's job was to show that flying in Mars' thin atmosphere is possible. It took short test flights. These flights helped scientists plan safe routes for Perseverance. It also took aerial photos of the Martian landscape. A small piece of fabric from the Wright brothers' first airplane is attached to Ingenuity. This honors the history of flight.

Journey to the Red Planet

The Mars 2020 mission was part of a busy time for Mars exploration. Several countries launched missions to Mars in July 2020. This was because Earth and Mars were in a good position for travel.

Other Mars Missions in 2020

  • The United Arab Emirates launched their Hope orbiter on July 19. An orbiter flies around the planet.
  • China launched its Tianwen-1 mission on July 23. This mission included an orbiter, a lander, and a rover.

All these missions arrived at Mars in early 2021. They are helping us learn more about our mysterious neighbor.

Images for kids

See also

Kids robot.svg In Spanish: Mars 2020 para niños

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