National Day of the People's Republic of China facts for kids
National Day is a yearly holiday in the People's Republic of China. It celebrates the beginning of its new government on October 1, 1949. It is one of two Golden Weeks in the country, along with the Chinese New Year.
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Name
The Mandarin Chinese name of the holiday is Guóqìng Jié, which means "Nation-Celebrating Holiday" or "Holiday of National Celebration". It is written 國慶節 in traditional characters and 国庆节 in simplified characters. The holiday has also become a common given name in China, with around 420,000 people named "Guoqing" in 2010.
History
From at least the time of the Western Jin dynasty in the late 3rd century, After the Xinhai Revolution, the Republic of China celebrated its national day on October 10.
Near the end of the Chinese Civil War, Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party began the People's Republic of China on September 21, 1949. This is sometimes known as "Chinese Independence Day". The PRC leaders and 300,000 Chinese celebrated the creation of the new government on October 1 in Tian'anmen Square. At the first meeting of the first CPPCC on Oct. 9, Xu Guangping introduced Ma Xulun's suggestion that China have a yearly national day celebrated apart from the birthday of the Communist Party. They recommended it be October 1, the day of Mao's public message. The Central People's Government passed their suggestion on December 2, making Oct. 1 a yearly holiday.
National Day was celebrated with military parades in Beijing every year from 1949 to 1959. By 1960, the problems during the Great Leap Forward caused the government to suggest saving money on celebrations. From 1960 to 1970, there were no military parades but the day was still celebrated with large gatherings in Tian'anmen Square. After the Ninth Congress, the big meetings in Beijing were discouraged in favor of smaller events at parks and other locations from 1971 to 1983. 1984 saw the first military parade in many years, celebrating the PRC's 35th anniversary. There was another large military parade at the 50th anniversary in 1999, and a third at the 60th anniversary in the year after the Beijing Olympics.
Since the year 2000, National Day has been one of the country's Golden Weeks: there are three days of paid time away from work from Oct. 1 to Oct. 3 and two weekends around it are moved to make a 7 day long holiday. These Golden Weeks copied a similar Japanese idea. The 2017 National Day was 8 days long, because it also included the Mid-Autumn Festival.
Events
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National Day begins with the raising of the national flag at Tian'anmen Square in Beijing.
The holiday is associated with large military parades in Beijing. The leaders of the Chinese Communist Party give speeches
Every year, many large groups of flowers are put along Beijing's Chang'an Avenue. The 2017 centerpiece measured 50 meters (160 ft) across its base and stood 17 meters (56 ft) high. Lan Hailang and dozens of other designers and officials made it from April to September, with at least 70 big design changes. The finished designs should show how China is getting better and what it plans to do next. Parts of the 2017 flower designs show the Belt-and-Road Initiative to make China's connections with Central Asia better; other parts show ways Beijing and Tianjin are going to be better over the next few years.
There are state dinners in Beijing
In the evening, fireworks are set off in Beijing, Hong Kong, and other large cities. There are also some singing, dancing, painting, and calligraphy celebrations. In Shanghai, the Tourism Festival's Music Fireworks Festival happens during the weeklong holiday. It is one of Asia's largest fireworks shows.
The long holiday also helps Chinese tourism, with millions of people traveling around the country visiting family members or sightseeing. This leads to higher prices and crowds, though, so foreign visitors are usually encouraged to come at other times of the year instead.
Unlike traditional Chinese holidays, National Day is not associated with any special food.
Gallery
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People in Tian'anmen Square (1949). The sign says "Long Live the People's Republic of China", signed with Beijing No.4 High School.
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Soldiers in Beijing (1959)
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Generals salute the soldiers in Beijing (1959)
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The Guangzhou parade (1959)
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The Lhasa parade (1959)
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Tanks and rocket launchers in Beijing (1999)
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A howitzer in Beijing (2009)
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Empire State Building in Communist colors (2009)
Related pages
Images for kids
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Tiananmen Square, 2006 National Day of the PRC. The placard reads "Warmly celebrate the 57th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China". The portrait is that of Sun Yat-sen.
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2004 National Day celebration in Tiananmen Square, Beijing
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2008 National Day celebration in Macau
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2012 National Day celebration in Hong Kong
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See also
In Spanish: Día Nacional de la República Popular China para niños
