Philippine Revolution facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Philippine Revolution Himagsikang Pilipino
Counter Clockwise from top left: Surviving Spanish troops on Barcelona after the Siege of Baler, Capture of a Filipino revolutionary leader by Spanish troops, The Malolos Congress, Monument depicting the Battle of Imus, Filipino negotiators for the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, Filipino soldiers during the near end of the Revolution.
Date August 23, 1896 – August 13, 1898 Location Philippines Result Truce, followed by intervention of the Spanish-American War Signing of Pact of Biak-na-Bato (1897). Resumption of hostilities during Spanish–American War (1898). Expulsion of the Spanish colonial government. Establishment of the First Philippine Republic. Outbreak of the Philippine–American War (1899).
Belligerents
1896–1897 Katipunan Sovereign Tagalog Nation (until March 1897) Tejeros Government (March–Nov 1897) Republic of Biak-na-Bato (Nov–Dec 1897)	1896–1897 Spanish Empire Spanish East Indies
1898 Filipino Revolutionaries Central Executive Committee (April–May) Dictatorial Government (May–June) Revolutionary Government (until Jan 1899)  United States	1898 Spanish Empire Spanish East Indies Spanish Cuba Spanish Puerto Rico
Commanders and leaders
Supremo: Andrés Bonifacio  (1896–1897) President: Emilio Aguinaldo (1897–1898) Early leaders: (until 1897) Emilio Jacinto Gregoria de Jesús Julio Nakpil Macario Sakay Mariano Alvarez Later leaders: (until 1898) Santiago Alvarez Baldomero Aguinaldo Miguel Malvar Artemio Ricarte Pío del Pilar Tomás Mascardo Gregorio del Pilar Aniceto Lacson George Dewey Wesley Merritt	Queen Regent: Maria Christina Governor-Generals: Ramón Blanco (1896) Camilo de Polavieja (1896–1897) Fernando Primo de Rivera, (1897–1898) Basilio Augustín (1898) Fermin Jáudenes (1898) Diego de los Ríos (1898) Other leaders: José Olaguer Feliú Ernesto de Aguirre Bernardo Echaluce Antonio Zabala † José de Lachambre Jose Marina Ricardo Monet Francisco Castilla Francisco Galbis Nicholas Jaramillo Leopoldo García Peña
Strength
40,000–60,000 (1896) Filipino Revolutionaries	12,700–17,700 before the Revolution, around 55,000 (30,000 Spanish; 25,000 Filipino Loyalists) by 1898
Casualties and losses
Heavy; official casualties are unknown.	Heavy; official casualties are unknown.

The Philippine Revolution was a major conflict in the Philippines. It was fought between the people of the Philippines and the country of Spain. Spain had controlled the Philippines for over 300 years. The revolution aimed to gain independence for the Philippines. It is also sometimes called the Tagalog War.

The revolution started in August 1896. Spanish leaders found out about a secret group called the Katipunan. This group wanted the Philippines to be free from Spanish rule. They planned to achieve this through armed rebellion.

Starting the Fight for Freedom

The Katipunan was led by Andrés Bonifacio. This group grew very popular across the Philippines. Its main goal was to end Spain's long control.

The Call for Revolution

During a large meeting in Caloocan, Katipunan leaders formed a new government. They called it "Haring Bayang Katagalugan". They then openly declared a nationwide armed revolution. Bonifacio asked his followers to attack Manila, the capital city.

Early Battles and Victories

The attack on Manila did not succeed. However, other areas around Manila began to revolt. Rebels in Cavite province won important early battles. These rebels were led by Mariano Álvarez and Emilio Aguinaldo. They belonged to different groups within the Katipunan.

Changes in Leadership and a Temporary Peace

A struggle for power happened among the revolutionaries. This led to Bonifacio's death in 1897. Command then shifted to Emilio Aguinaldo. He became the leader of the new revolutionary government.

The Pact of Biak-na-Bato

Later that year, the revolutionaries and the Spanish signed an agreement. It was called the Pact of Biak-na-Bato. This agreement temporarily stopped the fighting. Aguinaldo and other Filipino officers went into exile. They moved to British Hong Kong in China. However, the fighting did not completely stop.

The Spanish-American War and New Allies

On April 21, 1898, the United States began a naval blockade of Cuba. This was the first military action of the Spanish–American War. The US declared war on Spain a few days later.

Battle of Manila Bay

On May 1, 1898, the U.S. Navy won a big victory. Commodore George Dewey led the US fleet in the Battle of Manila Bay. They defeated the Spanish Navy and took control of Manila.

Aguinaldo's Return and Filipino Victories

On May 19, Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines. He worked with the United States, though not officially. He restarted attacks against the Spanish forces. By June, the Filipino rebels controlled almost all of the Philippines. Only Manila remained under Spanish control.

Declaring Independence

On June 12, Aguinaldo announced the Philippine Declaration of Independence. This was meant to be the end of the revolution. However, neither Spain nor the United States recognized this independence.

End of Spanish Rule and New Conflicts

Spanish rule in the Philippines officially ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1898. This treaty also ended the Spanish–American War. In the treaty, Spain gave control of the Philippines to the United States.

Uneasy Peace and New War

There was an uneasy peace around Manila. American forces controlled the city. The Filipino forces, though weaker, surrounded them. On February 4, 1899, fighting broke out. This was the Battle of Manila (1899). It marked the start of the Philippine–American War.

Aguinaldo quickly ordered his troops to fight the Americans. In June 1899, the new First Philippine Republic officially declared war on the United States. The Philippines did not become a fully recognized independent country until 1946.

Images for kids

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  Map of the Philippines at the end of the 19th century.

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  A sketch of a Spanish galleon during Manila-Acapulco Trade.

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  Leaders of the reform movement in Spain: José Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce. Photo was taken in Spain in 1890.

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  Ilustrados in Madrid, c.1890; Standing clockwise from left: Vicente Francisco, Cajigas, José Abreu, Mariano Abella, Dominador Gómez, Francisco Tongio Liongson, Flaviano Cordecruz, a Tuazon from Malabon, Alejandro Yance de Lara, Lauro Dimayuga, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Gregorio Aguilera, José Rizal, José Alejandrino, Baldomero Roxas, Moises Salvador, Modesto Reyes, Gaudencio Juanengo, Pablo Rianzares Bautista; Seated from left: Dr. Santamaria, Candido Morada, Damaso Ponce, Ariston Bautista, Pedro Serrano Lactao, and Teodoro Sandiko

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  Priests Mariano Gómez, Jacinto Zamora, and José Burgos (L-R, remembered in Philippine history as Gomburza)

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  A copy of La Solidaridad (Solidarity)

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  Monument for the 1896 Revolution in University of the Philippines Diliman.

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  Katipunan supreme leader Andrés Bonifacio

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  Rizal's execution in what was then Bagumbayan.

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  Emilio Aguinaldo as a field marshal during the battle.

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  Inang Filipina Shrine

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  Panorama of the Park and the Shrine

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  Facade

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  Battle of Manila Bay.

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  Thomas M. Anderson

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  General Gregorio del Pilar

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  Map of the Philippines during the inauguration of the First Philippine Republic.

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  Felipe Agoncillo was the Filipino representative to the negotiations in Paris that led to the Treaty of Paris (1898), ending the Spanish–American War. He has been referred to as the "outstanding first Filipino diplomat."

See also

In Spanish: Revolución filipina para niños