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Worcester Art Museum
Salisbury Street facade
Established	1898 (1898)
Location	55 Salisbury Street Worcester, Massachusetts
Type	Art museum
Architect	Stephen C. Earle
Public transit access	MBTA Framingham/Worcester Line Worcester

The Worcester Art Museum, also known by its acronym WAM, houses over 38,000 works of art dating from antiquity to the present day and representing cultures from all over the world. WAM opened in 1898 in Worcester, Massachusetts, and ranks among the more important art museums of its kind in the nation. Its holdings include some of the finest Roman mosaics in the United States, outstanding European and American art, and a major collection of Japanese prints. Since acquiring the John Woodman Higgins Armory Collection in 2013, WAM is also home to the second largest collection of arms and armor in the Americas. In many areas, it was at the forefront in the US, notably as it collected architecture (the Chapter House, 1932), acquired paintings by Monet (1910) and Gauguin (1921), presented photography as an art form (1904) The Worcester Art Museum also has a conservation lab and year-round studio art program for adults and youth.

History
Architecture
Collection
Directors
Management
See also

History

In September 1896, Stephen Salisbury III and a group of his friends founded the Art Museum Corporation to build an art institution "for the benefit of all." Salisbury then gave a tract of land, on what was once the Salisbury farm (now fronting Salisbury Street in Worcester, Massachusetts), as well as $100,000 USD to construct a building designed by Worcester architect Stephen C. Earle. The museum formally opened in 1898 with the Rev. Daniel Merriman as its first president. The museum's collection then consisted largely of plaster casts of "antique and Renaissance" sculptures, as well as a selection of 5,000 Japanese prints, drawings, and books, willed to the museum from John Chandler Bancroft, son of John Bancroft.

In 1905, Stephen Salisbury died and left the bulk of his five million-dollar estate to the museum. The Worcester Art Museum continued to grow and slowly amassed one of the important art collections in the country, with some of the significant early works donated or loaned by the artist and collector Helen Bigelow Merriman.

Between 1932 and 1939, the Worcester Art Museum joined a consortium of museums and institutions to sponsor expeditions to the archaeological sites where the city of Antioch once stood. This group of museums, including Princeton University, the Musée du Louvre, the Baltimore Museum of Art, and Harvard University's affiliate, Dumbarton Oaks, discovered hundreds of intricate floor mosaics. The Antioch mosaics, as they are now known, were split up among the institutions The WAM received many mosaics including the Worcester Hunt, which is now installed in the Renaissance Court's floor.

On May 17, 1972, the museum suffered a major theft of artwork. Two men wearing masks entered the museum just before closing. The two men stole The Brooding Woman and Head of a Woman by Paul Gauguin, Mother and Child by Pablo Picasso, and St. Bartholomew, then attributed to Rembrandt, a collection of works worth over one million dollars. Four individuals were charged with the theft as well as the theft of seven artworks stolen from the Boyden Library at Deerfield Academy.

In 2013, Worcester’s Higgins Armory Museum closed its doors and its renowned collection of arms and armor was integrated into WAM’s. A permanent arms and armor gallery will open no later than 2023; in the meantime, major works from the Higgins collection are on view in galleries throughout the museum, alongside Greek, Roman, Asian, and European works of art. The museum is also rethinking its institutional narrative, leveraging the quality and depth of the collection to tell a story that is an alternative to those told by other museums in the area. The guiding principle for this endeavor is WAM’s new mission statement (adopted in 2017): The Worcester Art Museum connects people, communities, and cultures through the experience of art.

Architecture

Museum interior

The Worcester Art Museum started as a small three-story building, designed by Stephen Earle and constructed by Messrs. Norcross Brothers, in 1898.[4] Very little of the exterior of this original building can be viewed due to the multiple expansions the museum has undertaken.

In 1927, the museum purchased a 12th-century French chapter house that was originally part of the Benedictine Priory of St. John at Le Bas-Nueil near Poitiers. Installed in 1932, and linked to the museum in 1933 via the grand Renaissance Court, the chapter house was the first medieval building ever transported from Europe to America.[13] Decorating the Renaissance Court floor is unequivocally one of Worcester's greatest ancient treasures – a group of Antioch mosaics dating from the first through the sixth century A.D, which was excavated at Antioch in Syria.

The museum building has expanded several times, in 1940, 1970 (Higgins Education Wing addition), and 1983 (Frances L. Hiatt Wing). The Frances L. Hiatt Wing is designed for special exhibitions; study and storage area for prints, drawings, and photographs; and an expanded conservation area. The Higgins Education Wing contains studios and classrooms, a professional printmaking studio, a computer studio, photography lab, and an exhibition space for student works.

In November 2015, the museum unveiled a new walkway ramp at the Salisbury Street entrance. Designed by Kulapat Yantrasast of wHY Architects, the bridge-like structure boldly combines contemporary design with the museum’s 1933 Beaux-Arts exterior while making the historic main entrance fully accessible.

Collection

Unfinished portrait of his muse Sarah Wentworth Apthorp Morton, one of several portraits by Gilbert Stuart in the Worcester Art Museum

Monhegan Island, George Wesley Bellows, Worcester Art Museum

In addition to the Roman, mosaic-laden, Renaissance court and French chapter house, strengths of the permanent collection include collections of European and North American painting, prints, photographs, and drawings; Asian art; Greek and Roman sculpture and mosaics; and Contemporary art.

European paintings include some Flemish Renaissance paintings, an El Greco, a Rembrandt, and a room of Impressionist and 20th-century works by Monet, Matisse, Renoir, Gauguin, and Kandinsky. The American painting collection includes works by Thomas Cole, Winslow Homer, John Singer Sargent, William Morris Hunt, Elizabeth Goodridge, among others. In the 20th-century gallery, the Museum displays works by Franz Kline, Jackson Pollock, and Joan Mitchell.

In 1901, John Chandler Bancroft, a wealthy Bostonian, bequeathed more than 3,000 Japanese prints. The Bancroft Collection spans the history of woodcut printmaking in Japan, with particular strength in rare, early images from the late 17th and 18th centuries. Salisbury's estate donation included many portraits commissioned by his family, as well as sculpture, furniture, and silver. These works, by artists such as Gilbert Stuart, Thomas Crawford, and Samuel F.B. Morse and the craftsmen Paul Revere, Edward Winslow, and Nathanial Hurd, constituted the nucleus of the American collections.

American Art

Freake-Gibbs Painter, Elizabeth Clarke Freake (Mrs. John Freake) and Baby Mary, 1671–1674
Freake-Gibbs Painter, John Freake, 1671–1674
Winslow Homer, The Gale, 1883–1893
John La Farge, Peacock Window, 1892–1908
Paul Revere, Paine Service, 1773

European Art

Piero di Cosimo, The Discovery of Honey by Bacchus, about 1499
Attributed to Leonardo da Vinci and Lorenzo di Credi, A Miracle of Saint Donatus of Arezzo, about 1479
Thomas Gainsborough, Portrait of the Artist's Daughters, 1763-64
Paul Gauguin, Te Faaturuma (The Brooding Woman), 1891

Asian Art

Torii Kiyonobu I, Actor Sawamura Kodenji I as Tsuyu-no-Mae, 1698
Mughal (Basawan), Birth of Ghazan Khan, from a manuscript of the "Jami'al-Tawarikh" by Rashid al-Din (1247-1318), about 1596
Chinese, Northern Wei Dynasty, Head of a Buddha, 550–770

Arms and Armor

Nagasone Tojiro Mitsumasa, Helmet in the form of a Sea Conch Shell, 1618
Stefan Rormoser, Armor for Field and Tilt, of Count Franz von Teuffenbach (1516-1578), 1554
Workshop of Hans Sumersperger, "Gothic" Hunting Sword, about 1490–1500

Directors

Philip T. Gentner 1908–1917
Raymond Wyer (changed his name in 1923 to Raymond Henniker-Heaton) 1918–1925
George W. Eggers 1926–1930
Francis Henry Taylor 1931–1939
Charles H. Sawyer 1940–1947
Louisa Dresser Campbell (Acting Director) 1943–1946
George L. Stout 1947–1955
Francis Henry Taylor 1955–1957
Daniel Catton Rich 1958–1970
Richard Stuart Teitz 1970–1981
Tom L. Freudenheim 1982–1986
James A. Welu 1986–2011
Matthias Waschek 2011 –

Management

The Worcester Art Museum operates on a $10M annual budget and is governed by an active 25-member Board of Trustees, made up of local, national, and international members with expertise in finance, investment, museum management, art history, education, and real estate development. In addition, WAM has a 200-member Corporation and over 3,000 members and 100 Business Partners. It employs 65 full-time and 128 part-time personnel (including 56 professional artist faculty) and enlists hundreds of volunteers and docents. In November 2017, the Museum was awarded reaccreditation by the American Alliance for Museums.

Prior to becoming Director of WAM in 2011, Matthias Waschek, PhD, served as Executive Director and Curator of the Pulitzer Arts Foundation (2003–2011) and Head of Academic Programs at the Louvre Museum in Paris (1992–2003).