1291 facts for kids
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 12th century – 13th century – 14th century |
| Decades: | 1260s 1270s 1280s – 1290s – 1300s 1310s 1320s |
| Years: | 1288 1289 1290 – 1291 – 1292 1293 1294 |
The year 1291 was a time of important changes in history, especially marking the end of a long period of religious wars. Many powerful leaders and thinkers were born or passed away during this year, shaping the world of the 13th and 14th centuries.
Major Events
The End of the Crusades
The year 1291 is famous for marking the end of the Crusades. These were a series of religious wars that lasted for about 200 years. Christian armies from Europe fought to take control of the Holy Land, especially Jerusalem, from Muslim rule.
The last major Crusader stronghold was the city of Acre. In 1291, the Mamluk Sultanate, a powerful Muslim empire, attacked Acre. After a fierce battle, the Mamluks captured the city. This defeat meant that the Christian kingdoms in the Middle East lost their last major base. With Acre gone, the Crusades officially came to an end.
Important Births
In 1291, several people who would become important figures in history were born:
- February 8 – Afonso IV of Portugal: He later became the King of Portugal. Kings were the rulers of countries during this time. Afonso IV ruled for many years and helped shape Portugal's future.
- October 31 – Philippe de Vitry: A very talented French composer, poet, and music theorist. Composers write music, and Philippe de Vitry was known for his new ideas in music.
- Pope Clement VI: He became the leader of the Catholic Church. Popes are very important religious figures who guide millions of people.
- Theodore I of Montferrat: He became the ruler of a region called Montferrat in Italy.
- Aimone of Savoy: He was a count, which is a type of noble ruler, in the region of Savoy.
Notable Deaths
The year 1291 also saw the passing of several influential people:
- March 10 – Arghun: He was a powerful Mongol ruler, known as an Ilkhan. The Mongols had a vast empire that stretched across Asia.
- June 18 – King Alfonso III of Aragon: He was the King of Aragon, a kingdom in what is now Spain. Kings were often military leaders and made important decisions for their people.
- June 26 – Eleanor of Provence: She was the Queen of England, married to King Henry III of England. Queens often had important roles in royal families and politics.
- July 15 – Rudolph I of Germany: He was the Holy Roman Emperor. This was a very important title in Europe, meaning he was a powerful ruler over many lands.
- Hong Dagu: A significant Korean military leader. Military leaders were crucial for defending their countries and leading armies.
- Talabuga: He was a khan, or ruler, of the Blue Horde. This was a part of the large Mongol Empire.
See also
In Spanish: 1291 para niños
