1290s facts for kids
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
| Centuries: | 12th century – 13th century – 14th century |
| Decades: | 1260s 1270s 1280s – 1290s – 1300s 1310s 1320s |
| Years: | 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 |
| Categories: | Births – Deaths – Architecture Establishments – Disestablishments |
The 1290s was a decade that saw important events unfold across the world. While the mighty Mongol Empire continued to influence many regions, Europe was still dealing with the effects of earlier Mongol invasions. This period also marked changes in leadership and the ongoing development of nations.
Contents
The Mongol Empire's Influence
The Mongol Empire was one of the largest empires in history. It stretched across Asia and into parts of Europe. By the 1290s, the empire had started to divide into different parts. These parts were called khanates. Each khanate was ruled by a different leader, often a descendant of Genghis Khan.
Mongol Presence in Europe
Even though the main Mongol invasions of Europe happened earlier in the 13th century, their impact was still felt. The Golden Horde, a part of the Mongol Empire, controlled much of Eastern Europe. This included lands that are now part of Russia.
Russia and the Golden Horde
For many years, various Russian principalities were under the control of the Golden Horde. Russian princes had to pay tribute to the Mongol rulers. They also needed permission from the Khan to rule their lands. This system affected Russia's development for a long time.
Hungary's Recovery
Hungary had faced devastating Mongol invasions in the 1240s. By the 1290s, Hungary was still recovering from these attacks. The country was working to rebuild its towns and defenses. The memory of the Mongol threat remained, shaping Hungary's military and political choices.
Poland's Struggles
Poland also experienced Mongol invasions in the mid-13th century. These attacks caused much destruction. In the 1290s, Poland was still a collection of smaller states. It was working towards becoming a unified kingdom. The threat of future invasions encouraged Polish leaders to strengthen their defenses and unite.
Other Important Events
The 1290s was a busy time beyond the Mongol Empire's reach. Many European countries were seeing changes in their rulers and power structures.
England and Scotland
In England, King Edward I was a powerful ruler. He was often called "Longshanks." During the 1290s, Edward I tried to take control of Scotland. This led to many conflicts between the two nations. A famous Scottish hero, William Wallace, rose to lead the Scottish resistance.
France and the Church
In France, King Philip IV was known as "Philip the Fair." He was a strong king who wanted more power for himself. In the 1290s, Philip IV had disagreements with the Pope. This was about who had more authority: the king or the Church. These conflicts showed the changing balance of power in Europe.
The Rise of Trade
During this decade, trade continued to grow across Europe and Asia. Cities like Venice and Genoa in Italy became very rich. They traded goods like spices, silk, and precious metals. This trade helped connect different parts of the world. It also led to new ideas and technologies spreading.
