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1260s facts for kids

Kids Encyclopedia Facts
Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries: 12th century13th century14th century
Decades: 1230s 1240s 1250s1260s1270s 1280s 1290s
Years: 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269
Categories: BirthsDeaths – Architecture
EstablishmentsDisestablishments

The 1260s was a ten-year period. It began on January 1, 1260, and ended on December 31, 1269. This decade saw many important events around the world.

In Asia, Kublai Khan became the main leader of the huge Mongol Empire. He moved his capital city to Beijing. Kublai Khan was often at war with the Song Dynasty in southern China. The Mongols faced some defeats, like their first loss under Kublai Khan against the Mamluks of Egypt in Palestine. They also lost battles in the Caucasus region. The Mamluks, led by their new sultan Baibars, grew stronger in the Middle East. They took control of several crusader states and helped stop Mongol attacks. Meanwhile, the Empire of Nicaea took back Constantinople from the Latin Empire, bringing back the Byzantine Empire.

Europe also had many political challenges. Arguments over land ownership led to several wars. In England, the Second Barons' War was a civil war. It was fought between King Henry III and his nobles, who disagreed with his wish for complete power. King Otakar II of Bohemia became a very powerful prince. He gained more land through wars and family inheritances. Iceland and Greenland agreed to be ruled by Norway. However, when the Norse tried to invade Scotland, the Scottish stopped them and made peace. In Spain, the Reconquista continued, and several important cities were taken back from the Moors. The way the pope was chosen was improved. Also, the first parliaments met in Ireland and England.

This decade also brought important cultural achievements. Roger Bacon published his major scientific work, Opus Majus. Thomas Aquinas also published his famous book, Summa contra Gentiles. Beautiful architecture and sculptures were created in European cathedrals. Examples include the Cathedral of Chartres and Nicola Pisano's pulpits for the Duomo di Siena and Pisa's Baptistery. In religion, the Sukhothai kingdom in Thailand made Buddhism its official religion. In Europe, Jewish people faced unfair rules and challenges. Some leaders made laws forcing Jewish people to wear special yellow badges.

War and Politics

Europe's Conflicts

Battles and Peace Deals

North and West Europe
Central and South Europe
Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal)
Southeast Europe
England: The Second Barons' War

Political Changes

Important Births

Notable Deaths

See also

In Spanish: Años 1260 para niños

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