Jacobite Succession facts for kids
The Stuarts were a royal family who once ruled Scotland, England, and Ireland. After a big event called the Glorious Revolution in 1688, some Stuarts and their descendants still believed they were the rightful kings and queens, even though others were on the throne. This idea was called "Jacobitism." Let's look at the main people who claimed the throne after 1688.
Contents
The Stuart Claimants
After 1688, the main Stuart claimants were from the family of James II & VII.
James II & VII
James II & VII was born on October 14, 1633, at St. James's Palace. He was the son of King Charles I. James became king on February 6, 1685. He married Lady Anne Hyde and had eight children with her. After she passed away, he married Mary of Modena and had seven more children. James II died on September 16, 1701, at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye in France, when he was 67 years old.
James Francis Edward Stuart ("The Old Pretender")
James Francis Edward Stuart was the son of James II and Mary of Modena. He was born on June 10, 1688, at St. James's Palace. He was known as "James III & VIII" by his supporters and also as "The Old Pretender" by others. He took up the claim to the throne when his father died in 1701. James married Clementina Sobieski on September 3, 1719, and they had two children. He died on January 1, 1766, at the Palazzo Muti in Rome, aged 77.
Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie")
Charles Edward Stuart was the son of James Francis Edward Stuart. He was born on December 31, 1720, at the Palazzo Muti in Rome. He was known as "Charles III" by his followers and famously as "The Young Pretender" or "Bonnie Prince Charlie." He took over the claim when his father died in 1766. Charles married Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern on March 28, 1772, but they had no children together. He did have two children outside of marriage. Charles died on January 31, 1788, at the Palazzo Muti, aged 67.
Henry Benedict Stuart
Henry Benedict Stuart was the younger brother of Charles Edward Stuart. He was born on March 11, 1725, in Rome. He was known as "Henry IX & I" by his supporters. Henry never married. He became the Jacobite claimant after his brother died in 1788. Henry died on July 13, 1807, in Frascati, Italy, when he was 82 years old.
When Henry Benedict Stuart died, the direct line of the Stuarts ended. The claim to the throne then passed to a different royal family. Since Henry's death, none of the people who would have been next in line have actually claimed the thrones of England or Scotland.
The House of Savoy Claimants
After the Stuarts, the claim passed to the House of Savoy, a royal family from Italy. This happened because of a connection to Charles I through his youngest daughter, Henrietta Anne. Her daughter, Anne Marie of Orléans, married Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia. The next claimants were their descendants.
Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia
Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia was a great-grandson of Queen Anne Marie. He was born on May 24, 1751, in Turin. He became the Jacobite claimant on July 13, 1807, when Henry Benedict Stuart died. Charles married Marie Clotilde of France in 1775, but they had no children. He died on October 6, 1819, in Rome, aged 68.
Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia was the brother of Charles Emmanuel IV. He was born on July 24, 1759, in Turin. He became the claimant on October 6, 1819. Victor married Maria Teresa of Austria-Este on April 21, 1789, and they had seven children. He died on January 10, 1824, in Moncalieri, aged 65.
Maria Beatrice of Savoy
Maria Beatrice of Savoy was the daughter of Victor Emmanuel I. She was born on December 6, 1792. She became the claimant on January 10, 1824. Maria married Francis IV, Duke of Modena on June 20, 1812, and they had four children. She died on September 15, 1840, aged 48.
The House of Austria-Este Claimants
The claim then moved to the House of Austria-Este through Maria Beatrice's marriage.
Francis V, Duke of Modena
Francis V, Duke of Modena was the son of Maria Beatrice of Savoy. He was born on June 1, 1819, in Modena. He became the claimant on September 15, 1840. Francis married Adelgunde of Bavaria on March 30, 1842, and they had one child. He died on November 20, 1875, in Vienna, aged 56.
Maria Theresia of Austria-Este
Maria Theresia of Austria-Este was the daughter of Francis V's brother, Ferdinand. She was born on July 2, 1849, in Brno. She became the claimant on November 20, 1875. Maria married Ludwig III of Bavaria and they had 13 children. She died on November 7, 1918, in Chiemgau, aged 69.
The House of Wittelsbach Claimants
The claim then passed to the House of Wittelsbach, a royal family from Bavaria, through Maria Theresia's marriage.
Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria
Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria was the son of Maria Theresia of Austria-Este. He was born on May 18, 1869, in Munich. He became the claimant on February 3, 1919. Rupprecht married Marie Gabrielle of Bavaria in 1900 and had four children. After she died, he married Antonia of Luxembourg in 1921 and had six more children. He died on August 2, 1955, at Schloß Leutstetten, aged 86.
Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria was the son of Rupprecht. He was born on May 3, 1905, in Munich. He became the claimant on August 2, 1955. Albrecht married Countess Maria Draskovich of Trakostjan in 1930 and had four children. Later, he married Countess Marie-Jenke Keglevich of Buzin in 1971, but they had no children. He died on July 8, 1996, at Castle Berg, aged 91.
Franz, Duke of Bavaria
Franz, Duke of Bavaria is the son of Albrecht. He was born on July 14, 1933, in Munich. He became the current Jacobite claimant on July 8, 1996. He has not married.
Future Claimants After the Duke of Bavaria
The person who would be next in line after Franz, Duke of Bavaria, is his younger brother:
- Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria.
After him, the claim would pass to Max's daughter:
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- Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein.
And then to her eldest son:
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- Prince Joseph Wenzel of Liechtenstein, who was born on May 24, 1995, in London. He is important because he is the first person in the Jacobite line to be born in the British Isles since James III and VIII, The Old Pretender, who was born in 1688.
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Images for kids
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King James II and VII
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James Francis Edward Stuart
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Prince Charles Edward Stuart
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Henry Benedict Stuart
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Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia
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Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
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Maria Beatrice of Savoy
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Francis V, Duke of Modena
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Maria Theresia of Austria-Este
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Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria
