List of scheduled monuments in Cheshire dated to before 1066 facts for kids

Sandbach Crosses

There are more than two hundred scheduled monuments in Cheshire, a county in North West England, which date from the Neolithic period to the middle of the 20th century. This list includes the scheduled monuments in Cheshire dating from before the year 1066, the year accepted by Revealing Cheshire's Past as the start of the Medieval period.

A scheduled monument is a nationally important archaeological site or monument which is given legal protection by being placed on a list (or "schedule") by the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport; English Heritage takes the leading role in identifying such sites. The current legislation supporting this is the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. The term "monument" can apply to the whole range of archaeological sites, and they are not always visible above ground. Such sites have to have been deliberately constructed by human activity. They range from prehistoric standing stones and burial sites, through Roman remains and medieval structures such as castles and monasteries, to later structures such as industrial sites and buildings constructed for the World Wars.

At least 84 monuments dating from before 1066 have been scheduled in Cheshire, the oldest probably being The Bridestones, a Neolithic long cairn. The monument at Somerford is also thought to have been a long cairn and there is evidence of a Neolithic settlement at Tatton. The Bronze Age is the period most strongly represented before 1066 with 44 monuments, almost all of which are round barrows. Eleven Iron Age hillforts or promontory forts are scheduled. The period of Roman rule left a variety of scheduled monuments, including the remains of settlements at Heronbridge and Wilderspool, and parts of Chester city walls. Definite or possible Roman military camps have been revealed by aerial photography showing cropmarks and parchmarks. The monuments remaining from the Dark Age and the Saxon period consist mainly of portions of crosses, and there is evidence of Saxon occupation of villages, now deserted, at Tatton and Baddiley.

Monuments

Name	Remains	Location	Date	Notes
Abbey Green cultivation marks	Excavation	Chester 53.1933°N 2.8910°W / 53.1933; -2.8910 (Abbey Green)	Iron Age	Excavations in 1975–77 revealed striations in the sandstone bedrock indicating pre-Roman cultivation of the area.
Baddiley village	Foundations	Baddiley 53.0497°N 2.5863°W / 53.0497; -2.5863 (Baddiley village)	Late Saxon and Medieval	There is evidence of house platforms and enclosures which indicate a deserted village.
Bartomley mound	Cairn	Wincle 53.1882°N 2.0546°W / 53.1882; -2.0546 (Bartomley mound)	Late Bronze Age	A round barrow which consists of a mound which is partly bedrock. The edges of it have been ploughed and two pits dug into it.
Bearhurst barrow	Earthworks	Henbury 53.2455°N 2.1912°W / 53.2455; -2.1912 (Bearhurst barrow)	Bronze Age	A round barrow 50 feet (15 m) across and 6 feet (2 m) high. An excavation in 1965–66 revealed flints, pottery sherds and two urns, one of which contained a cremation.
Beeston Castle hillfort	Earthworks	Beeston 53.1280°N 2.6919°W / 53.1280; -2.6919 (Beeston Castle)	Late Bronze Age to late Iron Age	A hillfort on a prominent rocky outcrop. The site is now occupied by a ruined medieval castle which has obliterated the signs of earlier occupation.
Bent Farm Roman Camp	Earthworks	Newbold Astbury 53.1549°N 2.2442°W / 53.1549; -2.2442 (Bent Farm Roman Camp)	Roman	Earthworks were identified in 1725 as a Roman temporary camp but largely destroyed in 1744. Further investigations carried out in 1967.
Birch Hill	Cropmarks	Manley 53.2600°N 2.7129°W / 53.2600; -2.7129 (Birch Hill)	Roman	A temporary Roman camp which was identified from cropmarks in 1994 by aerial reconnaissance; no upstanding remains.
Birtles Hall barrow	Earthworks	Over Alderley 53.2680°N 2.2190°W / 53.2680; -2.2190 (Birtles Hall barrow)	Bronze Age	A slightly oval (20m x 19m) round barrow consisting of a mound on top of a natural rise.
Blackrock Farm barrow	Earthwork	Ginclough, Rainow 53.2865°N 2.0635°W / 53.2865; -2.0635 (Blackrock Farm barrow)	Bronze Age	A turf-covered round barrow 22.5m in diameter and 1.6m high.
Blue Boar Farm barrow	Earthworks	Rainow 53.2844°N 2.0453°W / 53.2844; -2.0453 (Blue Boar Farm barrow)	Bronze Age	A round barrow, described in 1878 as a conical tumulus. It is now an oval (31.5m x 29m) mound of earth and stones up to 2m high.
Bowstones	Standing stones	Lyme Handley 53.3287°N 2.0406°W / 53.3287; -2.0406 (Bowstones)	Late Saxon	Two cross staffs set in a massive stone base. Each has traces of carved interlaced ornament. Carved initials have been added, probably in the Medieval period.
Bradley Hillfort	Earthworks	Kingsley 53.2861°N 2.6926°W / 53.2861; -2.6926 (Bradley Hillfort)	Iron Age	The smallest promontory hillfort in the county. It has natural defences only to the north; the other defences have been damaged by ploughing.
The Bridestones	Stone structure	Congleton 53.1565°N 2.1398°W / 53.1565; -2.1398 (The Bridestones)	Neolithic	The only known Neolithic tomb in the county, formerly a chambered long cairn. Much of its fabric was removed in the mid-18th century to build a road. It now consists of a chamber enclosed by large stone slabs.
Brink Farm barrow	Earthworks	Rainow 53.3089°N 2.0445°W / 53.3089; -2.0445 (Brink Farm barrow)	Bronze Age	A bowl-shaped round barrow consisting of a mound near the top of a knoll.
Bullstones	Earthwork with upright stone	Wincle 53.2052°N 2.0732°W / 53.2052; -2.0732 (Bullstones)	Bronze Age	A cremation burial site in which the bones of a child or young person were found 3 feet (1 m) below the surface surrounded by a stone circle 20 feet (6 m) in diameter. Inside the circle was an upright stone slab, which is still present.
Burton Point	Earthworks	Neston 53.2548°N 3.0460°W / 53.2548; -3.0460 (Burton Point)	Iron Age	A promontory fort consisting of earthworks in an arc protecting a former headland overlooking the River Dee.
Capesthorne Hall barrow (south)	Earthworks	Siddington 53.2495°N 2.2336°W / 53.2495; -2.2336 (Capesthorne Hall barrow (south))	Bronze Age	A round barrow on a high point in woodland.
Capesthorne Hall barrow (north)	Earthworks	Siddington 53.2529°N 2.2365°W / 53.2529; -2.2365 (Capesthorne Hall barrow (north))	Bronze Age	A round barrow on the summit of a knoll. (The ornamental stone pedestal on its top is not part of the schedule.)
Carden Park barrow	Earthworks	Carden 53.0753°N 2.8007°W / 53.0753; -2.8007 (Carden Park barrow)	Bronze Age	An oval (32m x 25m) bowl barrow of sand and earth on a saddle of higher ground (now in a golf course).
Charles Head barrow	Earthworks	Rainow 53.3051°N 2.0367°W / 53.3051; -2.0367 (Charles Head barrow)	Bronze Age	A round barrow on the crest of a ridge, now crossed by a drystone wall.
Chester Roman Amphitheatre	Earthworks	Chester 53.1893°N 2.8871°W / 53.1893; -2.8871 (Chester Roman Amphitheatre)	Roman	Originally in wood, later in stone. The northern half has been excavated.
Chester city walls	City walls	Chester 53.1923°N 2.8891°W / 53.1923; -2.8891 (Chester city walls)	Roman and medieval	An almost complete circuit of red sandstone walls round the city. The north and east walls follow Roman foundations and contain fabric from that era.
Cleulow cross	Standing stone	Wincle 53.2038°N 2.0735°W / 53.2038; -2.0735 (Cleulow cross)	Early Medieval/ Dark Age	A gritstone pillar in a socket stone on a mound. The shaft is round and has the remains of a small wheelhead cross on the top.
Coddington barrow	Earthworks	Coddington 53.0919°N 2.8187°W / 53.0919; -2.8187 (Coddington barrow)	Bronze Age	A tree-covered mound of red sand with a surrounding ditch, scheduled as a bowl barrow.
Disley churchyard cross	Stone	Disley 53.3575°N 2.0398°W / 53.3575; -2.0398 (Disley churchyard cross)	Early Medieval/ Dark Age	A socket stone for two crosses in St Mary's churchyard. It was discovered in 1958 and thought to be the setting for two Saxon crosses.
Eddisbury hillfort	Earthworks	Delamere 53.2192°N 2.6705°W / 53.2192; -2.6705 (Eddisbury hillfort)	Iron Age	A former hillfort on a steep-sided sandstone projection on the east side of the mid-Cheshire ridge. The defences consist of two earth ramparts with a single ditch between them.
Edgar's Cave	Former quarry	Handbridge 53.1844°N 2.8887°W / 53.1844; -2.8887 (Edgar's Cave)	Roman	A quarry which included a shrine to Minerva whose image is still visible. The shrine is a Grade I listed building.
Elm Bank Roman Camp	Cropmark	Waverton 53.1701°N 2.8222°W / 53.1701; -2.8222 (Elm Bank Roman Camp)	Roman	Cropmarks show a rectangular enclosure which housed a Roman practice camp.
Engine Vein copper mine	Trench and pits	Nether Alderley 53.2941°N 2.2104°W / 53.2941; -2.2104 (Engine Vein copper mine)	Bronze Age and later	An opencast mine for copper and other minerals in use from the early Bronze Age, in Roman and medieval times, through to the Victorian era.
Gallowsclough Cob barrow	Earthworks	Oakmere 53.2373°N 2.6455°W / 53.2373; -2.6455 (Gallowsclough Cob barrow)	Bronze Age	A round barrow excavated in 1960 which was found to contain a primary cremation burial as well as fragments of a secondary burial, time frame unknown.
Ginclough standing stone	Standing stone	Ginclough 53.2842°N 2.0683°W / 53.2842; -2.0683 (Ginclough standing stone)	Late prehistoric	A large stone 1m high cut away on two sides.
Harbutt's Field Roman fort	Plan of Roman fort	Middlewich53.1985°N 2.4472°W / 53.1985; -2.4472 (Harbutt's Field Roman fort)	Roman	The complete plan of a Roman fort has been revealed by a geophysical survey.
Helsby hill fort	Earthworks	Helsby Hill 53.2732°N 2.7630°W / 53.2732; -2.7630 (Helsby Hill fort)	Iron Age	A promontory fort with naturally steep slopes to the west and north and an earth and stone rampart to the south.
Heronbridge Roman Site	Earthworks	Claverton 53.1709°N 2.8839°W / 53.1709; -2.8839 (Heronbridge Roman Site)	Roman	A Roman settlement on each side of Watling Street with evidence of industrial activity in the late 1st and the 2nd century.
High Billinge barrow	Earthworks	Utkinton 53.1911°N 2.6679°W / 53.1911; -2.6679 (High Billinge barrow)	Bronze Age	A round barrow 30m across and 1.8m high in woodland on a hill-top. Unexcavated.
Hoole Roman Camp	Parchmark	Hoole 53.2044°N 2.8551°W / 53.2044; -2.8551 (Hoole Roman Camp)	Roman	Aerial photography in August 1995 showed a rectangular enclosure, part of which lies under the A41 road.
Ince Roman Fortlet	Cropmarks	Ince 53.2870°N 2.8303°W / 53.2870; -2.8303 (Ince Roman Fortlet)	Roman	Aerial photography showed a double-ditched rectangular enclosure. Excavation revealed a piece of samian pottery and postholes.
Jodrell Bank barrow cemetery	Earthworks	Swettenham 53.2243°N 2.3036°W / 53.2243; -2.3036 (Jodrell Bank barrow cemetery)	Bronze Age	Four remaining round barrows from an original group of six.
Kelsborrow promontory fort	Earthworks	Delamere 53.2027°N 2.7026°W / 53.2027; -2.7026 (Kelsborrow promontory fort)	Iron Age	A promontory fort with steep sides to the south and a curving bank and ditch to the north. In the 19th century a palstave and a fragment of a sword were found.
Knightslow barrows	Earthworks	Lyme Handley 53.3319°N 2.0547°W / 53.3319; -2.0547 (Knightslow barrows)	Bronze Age	A group of four round barrows in woodland on a hill.
London Road barrow	Earthworks	Prestbury 53.3017°N 2.1398°W / 53.3017; -2.1398 (London Road barrow)	Bronze Age	A slightly oval (26m x 25m) barrow up to 1.3m in height. In 1808 a number of cairns were found, one of which contained cremations.
Long Lane barrow	Earthworks	Bickerton 53.0691°N 2.7320°W / 53.0691; -2.7320 (Long Lane barrow)	Bronze Age	A round barrow consisting of a low mound 24m in diameter and 0.5m high on a knoll to the east of Bickerton Hill.
Longley Farm field system	Earthworks	Kelsall 53.2247°N 2.7056°W / 53.2247; -2.7056 (Longley Farm field system)	Iron Age (or medieval/post-medieval)	A system of terraces, lynchets and enclosures.
Maiden Castle	Earthworks	Bickerton Hill 53.0708°N 2.7511°W / 53.0708; -2.7511 (Maiden Castle)	Iron Age	A promontory hill fort on a spur with an earthwork defending its neck and two lines of ramparts on the south and east.
Meadows Farm barrow	Earthworks	Horton-cum-Malpas 53.0296°N 2.8146°W / 53.0296; -2.8146 (Meadows Farm barrow)	Bronze Age	A round barrow which contained an oak plank, possibly part of a coffin.
Moultonbank barrow	Earthworks	Moulton 53.2203°N 2.5211°W / 53.2203; -2.5211 (Moultonbank barrow)	Bronze Age	A round barrow on the top of a glacial mound 35m in diameter and 1.5m high.
The Murder Stone	Standing stone	Lyme Handley 53.3261°N 2.0248°W / 53.3261; -2.0248 (The Murder Stone)	Bronze Age	A standing stone consisting of a triangular slab of gritstone.
Nab Head barrow	Earthworks	Bollington 53.3058°N 2.0912°W / 53.3058; -2.0912 (Nab Head barrow)	Bronze Age	An oval (19m x 17m) barrow up to 1.8m high with a central depression, surrounded by a ditch.
Two sections of the North Cheshire Ridge Roman Road	Earthworks	Appleton Thorn 53.3497°N 2.5461°W / 53.3497; -2.5461 (North Cheshire Ridge Roman Road (1)) Stretton 53.3436°N 2.5600°W / 53.3436; -2.5600 (North Cheshire Ridge Roman Road (2))	Roman	Much of The Appleton Thorn portion of the road is now covered by the village hall car park; the scheduled portion of the road in Stretton is near to Mosswood Hall
Oakmere hill fort	Earthworks	Oakmere 53.2060°N 2.6312°W / 53.2060; -2.6312 (Oakmere hillfort)	Iron Age	A promontory fort on a spur protruding into the mere with a rampart across the east side.
Peckforton Mere promontory fort	Earthworks and cropmarks	Peckforton 53.1144°N 2.6803°W / 53.1144; -2.6803 (Peckforton Mere promontory fort)	Iron Age	A defensive settlement on a ridge with the mere to the southwest and marsh to the northwest and southeast. The northeast was defended by a ditch.
Picton Roman camp	Cropmarks	Picton 53.2243°N 2.8677°W / 53.2243; -2.8677 (Picton Roman camp)	Roman	Aerial photography in July 1995 showed a rectangular enclosure which was probably a Roman practice camp.
Prestbury churchyard cross shaft	Stone fragments	Prestbury 53.2892°N 2.1508°W / 53.2892; -2.1508 (Prestbury churchyard cross shaft)	Early Medieval/ Dark Age	Three Saxon stone fragments cemented together in the churchyard of St Peter's; the lower two fragments come from one cross while the top one is from a different cross.
Reed Hill cairn	Earthworks	Lyme Handley 53.3155°N 2.0342°W / 53.3155; -2.0342 (Reed Hill cairn)	Bronze Age	A round barrow on the apex of a natural mound. Excavation in 1911 revealed a gritstone burial chamber containing cremated human bones.
Robin Hood's Tump	Earthworks	Alpraham 53.1346°N 2.6371°W / 53.1346; -2.6371 (Robin Hood's Tump)	Bronze Age	A sand and turf round barrow 17m in diameter and 1.5m high. Excavation revealed worked flints but no evidence of a burial.
Sandbach Crosses	Standing stones	Sandbach 53.1440°N 2.3621°W / 53.1440; -2.3621 (Sandbach Crosses)	Early Medieval/ Dark Age	A pair of Saxon crosses decorated with carvings on all faces. They have been moved on several occasions and were erected in their present position in 1816. They are listed at Grade I.
Sandbach cross fragments	Stones	Sandbach 53.1435°N 2.3611°W / 53.1435; -2.3611 (Sandbach cross fragments)	Early Medieval/ Dark Age	Three fragments from the shaft of one or more Saxon crosses in S Mary's churchyard.
Seven Lows barrows	Earthworks	Delamere 53.1987°N 2.6550°W / 53.1987; -2.6550 (Seven Lows barrows)	Bronze Age	Five barrows remaining out of an original total of seven.
Somerford Bridge barrow	Earthwork	Somerford 53.1677°N 2.2553°W / 53.1677; -2.2553 (Somerford Bridge barrow)	Neolithic	A suspected long barrow, now a mound covered in oak trees.
Sponds Hill barrows	Earthworks	Lyme Handley 53.3194°N 2.0471°W / 53.3194; -2.0471 (Sponds Hill barrows)	Bronze Age	Two round barrows, one on the summit of the hill, the other to the south.
St. Plegmund's well	Holy well	Mickle Trafford 53.2253°N 2.8175°W / 53.2253; -2.8175 (St. Plegmund's well)	Early Medieval/ Dark Age	A well, now dry, surrounded by stone slabs.
Stamford Heath enclosure	Shown on aerial photographs	Christleton 53.1972°N 2.8087°W / 53.1972; -2.8087 (Stamford Heath enclosure)	Roman	Photography in 1947 revealed a rectangular earthwork enclosure which may be a Roman camp.
Stamford Lodge Roman Camp	Cropmarks	Christleton 53.1964°N 2.8179°W / 53.1964; -2.8179 (Stamford Lodge Roman Camp)	Roman	Photography in 1947 revealed a rectangular earthwork enclosure which may be a Roman camp.
Sutton Hall cairn	Earthworks	Sutton, Macclesfield 53.2388°N 2.1140°W / 53.2388; -2.1140 (Sutton Hall cairn)	Bronze Age	A round barrow 24m in diameter and up to 1.4m in height. When excavated in 1962 secondary cremations were found but no primary cremation.
Swettenham Hall barrow	Earthworks	Swettenham 53.1971°N 2.2801°W / 53.1971; -2.2801 (Swettenham Hall barrow)	Bronze Age	A probable round barrow which has been spread by ploughing.
Tatton settlement, old hall and mill dam	Earthworks	Tatton Park 53.3286°N 2.3671°W / 53.3286; -2.3671 (Tatton settlement)	Late Neolithic, Saxon, and Medieval	A former village occupied in the late Neolithic, Saxon and Medieval periods. Now deserted and only earthworks remain. The site includes the ground beneath Tatton Old Hall.
Thieves Moss Roman road	Site of road	Delamere Forest 53.2182°N 2.6563°W / 53.2182; -2.6563 (Thieves Moss Roman road)	Roman	The possible site of section of the Chester-Manchester Roman road.
Toot Hill barrow	Mound	Macclesfield Forest 53.2454°N 2.0440°W / 53.2454; -2.0440 (Toot Hill barrow)	Bronze Age	An oval barrow of earth and stones at the centre of which is a gritstone slab.
Tytherington barrow	Earthworks	Tytherington 53.2712°N 2.1308°W / 53.2712; -2.1308 (Tytherington barrow)	Bronze Age	A round barrow, now in a housing development, which was found to contain a cremation and part of an urn.
Upton Heath Roman Camp	Cropmark	Upton Heath 53.2201°N 2.8744°W / 53.2201; -2.8744 (Upton Heath Roman Camp)	Roman	A rectangular round-cornered enclosure, possibly a Roman practice camp.
Upton Roman Camp	Parchmarks	Upton-by-Chester 53.2196°N 2.8703°W / 53.2196; -2.8703 (Upton Roman Camp)	Roman	Aerial photography in August 1989 showed a rectangular enclosure; no signs of it can be seen on the ground.
Upton Roman camp (1)	Parchmarks	Upton-by-Chester 53.2233°N 2.8721°W / 53.2233; -2.8721 (Upton Roman camp (1))	Roman	Aerial photography in August 1990 showed a rectangular enclosure with a rounded entrance.
Upton Roman camp (2)	Cropmarks	Upton-by-Chester 53.2168°N 2.8695°W / 53.2168; -2.8695 (Upton Roman camp (2))	Roman	Aerial photography has shown a rectangular enclosure. Further investigations have revealed evidence of a ditch and sherds of Roman pottery.
West Park cross shafts	Three standing stones	West Park, Macclesfield 53.2634°N 2.1365°W / 53.2634; -2.1365 (West Park cross shafts)	Early Medieval/ Dark Age	Three Saxon circular crosses with traces of ornamental sculpting, now mounted in a public park.
Whitley barrow	Earthworks	Lower Whitley 53.3099°N 2.5747°W / 53.3099; -2.5747 (Whitley barrow)	Bronze Age	A slightly oval round barrow.
Wilderspool Roman site	Excavation	Wilderspool 53.3750°N 2.5871°W / 53.3750; -2.5871 (Wilderspool Roman site)	Roman	Excavations have shown parts of a walled town with evidence of industrial activity.
Winwick barrow	Earthworks	Highfield Lane, Winwick 53.4342°N 2.5827°W / 53.4342; -2.5827 (Winwick barrow)	Bronze Age	A round barrow, formerly part of a cemetery. Excavation in 1860 revealed a large urn containing human bones, a stone axe hammer and a bronze spear head.
Withington Hall barrow cemetery	Earthworks	Withington, Macclesfield 53.2482°N 2.2911°W / 53.2482; -2.2911 (Withington Hall barrow cemetery)	Bronze Age	Three round barrows, two of which have been excavated revealing evidence of cremations.
Woodhouse hillfort	Stone and earth bank	Frodsham 53.2763°N 2.7350°W / 53.2763; -2.7350 (Woodhouse hillfort)	Iron Age	A promontory hillfort with steep slopes on the south and west sides and a stone and earth bank on the other sides.
Wybunbury church site	Foundations	Wybunbury 53.0452°N 2.4486°W / 53.0452; -2.4486 (Wybunbury church site)	Late Saxon	A church was present in the Domesday survey. The subsequent medieval Church of St Chad (other than the tower) has been demolished and the site is scheduled.
Yearn's Low barrow	Earthworks	Rainow 53.2806°N 2.0548°W / 53.2806; -2.0548 (Yearn's Low barrow)	Bronze Age	A round barrow 19m in diameter in which Roman coins and other objects have been found.

Blackrock Farm barrow

The Bowstones

The Bridestones

Chester Roman amphitheatre

Chester City Walls

Eddisbury hill fort from the west

Minerva's shrine in Edgar's Field

Helsby Hill

Knightslow Wood

Maiden Castle rampart

Prestbury churchyard cross

Sponds Hill

St. Plegmund's well

Grounds around Tatton Old Hall

Grounds of St Chad's Church, Wybunbury

Barrow on Yearns Low