Murad I facts for kids
Quick facts for kids Murad I |
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Miniature of Murad I from a 16th-century manuscript
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| Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (Padishah) | |||||
| Reign | March 1362 – 15 June 1389 | ||||
| Predecessor | Orhan | ||||
| Successor | Bayezid I | ||||
| Born | 29 June 1326 Bursa, Ottoman Beylik |
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| Died | 15 June 1389 (aged 62) Kosovo field, District of Branković |
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| Burial | Organs buried at Tomb of Murad I, Kosovo 42°42′07″N 21°06′15″E / 42.70194°N 21.10417°E Body buried at Sultan Murad Türbe, Osmangazi, Bursa |
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| Consorts | Gülçiçek Hatun Thamara Hatun Paşa Melek Hatun Others |
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| Issue Among others |
Savci Bey Bayezid I Yakub Çelebi Nefise Hatun |
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| Dynasty | Ottoman | ||||
| Father | Orhan | ||||
| Mother | Nilüfer Hatun | ||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||
| Tughra |  |
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Murad I (born June 29, 1326 – died June 15, 1389) was an important ruler, known as the sultan of the Ottoman Empire. He ruled from 1362 to 1389. He was the son of Orhan Gazi and Nilüfer Hatun. Murad I became sultan after his older brother Süleyman Pasha passed away.
During his rule, Murad I greatly expanded the Ottoman lands. He conquered Adrianople and renamed it Edirne. In 1363, he made Edirne the new capital city of the Ottoman Sultanate. He also expanded the Ottoman Empire into Southern Europe, bringing much of the Balkans under Ottoman control. He made the rulers of Serbia, Bulgaria, and the Byzantine emperor John V Palaiologos pay him tribute. Murad I divided his empire into two main areas: Anatolia (which is in Asia Minor) and Rumelia (which is in the Balkans).
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Titles of a Sultan
Murad I had many different titles. These titles showed his power and importance. Some of his titles included Bey, which means a chief or lord. He was also called Emîr-i a’zam, meaning "Great Emir".
Another title was Ghazi, which means a warrior for faith. He was also known as Hüdavendigâr, a special nickname meaning "sovereign" or "ruler". Other titles were Khan, Padishah, Sultânü’s-selâtîn (Sultan of sultans), and Melikü’l-mülûk (Malik of maliks). In some other countries, like Bulgaria and Serbia, people called him Tsar.
Wars and Expansion
Murad I fought many battles to expand the Ottoman Empire. He fought against powerful local rulers in Anatolia, especially the Karaman bey. He also fought against different groups in Europe, including the Serbs, Albanians, Bulgarians, and Hungarians.
One important event happened on September 26, 1371. Serbian leaders, King Vukašin and Despot Uglješa, tried to push the Ottomans out of Adrianople. However, Murad's skilled general, Lala Şâhin Paşa, defeated them. Lala Şâhin Paşa was the first governor of Rumeli.
In 1385, the city of Sofia became part of the Ottoman Empire. A year later, in 1386, Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović of Serbia defeated an Ottoman army at the Battle of Pločnik. The Ottoman army lost many soldiers and could not capture the city of Niš on their way back.
The Battle of Kosovo
In 1389, a very important battle took place. Murad's army fought against the Serbian army and its allies, led by Prince Lazar. This battle is known as the Battle of Kosovo.
There are different stories about how Sultan Murad I died during this battle. Most early records say that both Prince Lazar and the Sultan lost their lives in the fight. More detailed stories about Murad's death appeared later, many years after the battle.
One story from Western sources says that a Serbian nobleman and knight named Miloš Obilić killed Murad I with a knife during the early hours of the battle. Other Ottoman historians say that Murad was killed after the battle ended, while he was walking around the battlefield.
After Murad's death, his older son Bayezid took charge of the Ottoman forces. Bayezid then called his other son, Yakub Bey, to the Sultan's tent. When Yakub Bey arrived, he died, leaving Bayezid as the only person to become the next sultan.
A letter from Florence, written in October 1389, also describes Murad I's death. It mentions that a group of twelve Serbian lords fought their way through the Ottoman soldiers protecting Murad. One of them, believed to be Miloš Obilić, reached the Sultan's tent and killed him with a sword.
Murad's internal organs were buried on the Kosovo field. This place is now called Meshed-i Hudavendigar and is a special religious site for local Muslims. His body was taken to Bursa, his capital city in Anatolia, and buried in a tomb there.
Murad's Family
Murad was the son of Orhan and Nilüfer Hatun. His mother, Nilüfer Hatun, was of Greek background.
Consorts (Wives)
Murad I had several consorts:
- Gulçicek Hatun: She was the mother of Bayezid I.
- Paşa Melek Hatun: She was the daughter of Kızıl Murad Bey.
- Kera Tamara Hatun: She was a Bulgarian princess, known for her beauty. She married Murad in 1378 after he conquered Bulgaria.
- Maria Hatun: She was born Maria Paleologa, the daughter of the Byzantine emperor John V. She married Murad in 1386.
Sons
Murad I had at least five sons:
- Savci Bey (died in 1374): He died during a rebellion against his father.
- Bayezid I (1360 - 1403): He became the next Ottoman Sultan.
- Yakub Çelebi (around 1362 - June 20, 1389): He died shortly after the Battle of Kosovo.
- Ibrahim Bey (around 1365 - around 1385): He is buried in the Osman I mausoleum.
- Yahşi Bey (died before 1389): He was also a son of Gülçiçek Hatun.
Daughters
Murad I had at least five daughters:
- Nefise Melek Sultan Hatun (around 1363 - after 1402): She married Karamânoğlu Alâeddîn Alî Bey to try and stop a war. She had three sons.
- Özer Hatun: She married and had children.
- Erhundi Hatun: She married Hızır Bey before 1389.
- Mihriali Devlet Sultan Hatun: She married Turgut Bey and had a son.
- Nilüfer Hatun: She had a mosque built in Bursa.
Images for kids
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The Tughra (official signature) of Murad I
See also
In Spanish: Murad I para niños
