Richard I of England facts for kids
Quick facts for kids Richard I |
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Effigy (c. 1199) of Richard I at Fontevraud Abbey, Anjou
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| King of England (more..) | |
| Reign | 3 September 1189 – 6 April 1199 |
| Coronation | 3 September 1189 |
| Predecessor | Henry II |
| Successor | John |
| Regent | |
| Born | 8 September 1157 Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England |
| Died | 6 April 1199 (aged 41) Châlus, Duchy of Aquitaine |
| Burial | Fontevraud Abbey, Anjou, France |
| Spouse | |
| Issue | Philip of Cognac (illegitimate) |
| House | Plantagenet–Angevin |
| Father | Henry II of England |
| Mother | Eleanor of Aquitaine |
| Military career | |
| Battles/wars | Third Crusade |
Richard I (born 8 September 1157, died 6 April 1199) was the King of England from 1189 until his death. He was also a powerful ruler in France, holding titles like Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine. Richard was the third of five sons born to King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. It was not expected that he would become king. However, his older brothers passed away before their father. Richard is famously known as Richard the Lionheart (or Richard Cœur de Lion in French). This nickname came from his reputation as a brave military leader and a strong warrior.
Contents
A Young Warrior King
Richard showed his military skills from a young age.
Early Military Experience
By the time he was 16, Richard was already leading his own army. He successfully put down rebellions in a region of France called Poitou. These rebellions were against his own father, King Henry II.
Leading the Third Crusade
Richard became a very important Christian commander during the Third Crusade. This was a series of religious wars. He took charge of the campaign after the King of France, Philip II of France, left. Richard won many important battles against his Muslim opponent, Saladin. Even though he achieved great victories, he signed a peace treaty and ended the Crusade without taking back Jerusalem.
Life as King
Richard was born in England and spent his childhood there. However, he lived most of his adult life in France, especially in the Duchy of Aquitaine.
Why So Little Time in England?
After he became king, Richard spent very little time in England. Some say it was as little as six months! Most of his time as king was spent fighting in the Crusades, being held captive, or defending his lands in France. He seemed to see England mostly as a way to get money to pay for his armies. He did not feel he needed to be present in England to rule.
Richard's Legacy
Despite spending little time in England, his people saw him as a brave and religious hero. Richard is one of the few English kings who is better known by his nickname, "the Lionheart," than by his official number. He remains an important and famous figure in both England and France.
Images for kids
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King Richard I's Great Seal of 1189
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Geoffrey de Rancon's Château de Taillebourg, the castle Richard retreated to after Henry II's forces captured 60 knights and 400 archers who fought for Richard when Saintes was captured.
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A silver denier of Richard, struck in his capacity as the Count of Poitiers
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Richard I in profile, funerary effigy above the tomb containing his heart in Rouen Cathedral (early 13th century)
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Richard I being anointed during his coronation in Westminster Abbey, from a 13th-century chronicle
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Silver penny of Richard I, York Museums Trust
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Richard and Philip of France, French manuscript of 1261. Bibliothèque Nationale de France.
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Depiction of Richard (left) and Saladin (right), c. 1250–60, on tiles found at Chertsey Abbey in Surrey.
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Depiction of Richard being pardoned by Emperor Henry VI in Peter of Eboli's Liber ad honorem Augusti, c. 1196
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Ruins of Dürnstein Castle, now in Austria, where Richard was at first kept captive
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The ruins of Château Gaillard in Normandy
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Richard, depicted in a 13th-century manuscript
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Richard affiancing Robin Hood and Maid Marian on a plaque outside Nottingham Castle
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See also
In Spanish: Ricardo I de Inglaterra para niños
