Abbasid Caliphate facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Abbasid Caliphate
اَلْخِلَافَةُ ٱلْعَبَّاسِيَّةُ
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 Black Standard
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Abbasid Caliphate at its greatest extent, c. 850
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| Status |
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| Capital | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common languages | Classical Arabic (central administration); various regional languages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Government | Caliphate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Caliph | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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• 750–754
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As-Saffah (first) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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• 1242–1258
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Al-Musta'sim (last Caliph in Baghdad) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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• 1508–1517
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al-Mutawakkil III (last Caliph in Cairo) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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• Established
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750 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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• Disestablished
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1517 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the four great Muslim caliphates of the Arab Empire. It overthrew the Umayyad caliphs from all but Al-Andalus. It was built by the descendant of Muhammad's youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. It was created in Harran in 750 of the Christian era and shifted its capital in AD 762 from Harran to Baghdad. It flourished for two centuries. Abbasid rule was ended in 1258, when Hulagu Khan, the Mongol conqueror, sacked Baghdad. But they continued to claim authority in religious matters from their base in Egypt.
During the period of the Abassid dynasty, Abassid claims to the caliphate did not go unchallenged. The Shiˤa Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah of the Fatimid dynasty, which claimed descendency of Muhammad through his daughter, claimed the title of Caliph in 909 and created a separate line of caliphs in North Africa. Initially it covered only Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya, but then the Fatimid caliphs extended their rule for the next 150 years, taking Egypt and Palestine and even ancient Pakistan, before the Abbassid dynasty was able to turn the tide, limiting Fatimid rule to Egypt. The Fatimid dynasty finally ended in 1171. The Umayyad dynasty, which had survived and come to rule over the Muslim provinces of Spain, reclaimed the title of Caliph in 929, lasting until it was overthrown in 1031.
The tenth caliph, namely Al-Mutawakkil, is the person who oversaw the introduction of hadiths.
Related pages
Images for kids
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The city of Baghdad between 767 and 912 CE.
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Battle of Talas, 751
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Map of Abbasid Caliphate and its provinces c 788 (2nd century Hijri)
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Map of the fragmented Abbasid empire, with areas still under direct control of the Abbasid central government (dark green) and under autonomous rulers (light green) adhering to nominal Abbasid suzerainty, c. 892
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Southwest Asia – c. 970 A.D
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Coin of the Abbasids, Baghdad, 1244
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Siege of Baghdad by the Mongols led by Hulagu Khan in 1258
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Manuscript from the Abbasid era
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Jabir ibn Hayyan, a pioneer in organic chemistry.
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Ibn al-Haytham, "the father of Optics.
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Remains of a large circular pool surrounded by reception halls in the Dar Al-Baraka Palace, built by Al-Mutawakkil (r. 847–861).
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Illustration from More tales from the Arabian nights (1915)
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Zumurrud Khatun Tomb (1200 CE), in cemetery at Baghdad
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9th-century harem wall painting fragments found in Samarra
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Bowl with Kufic Inscription, 9th century, Brooklyn Museum
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Illustration showing a water clock given to Charlemagne by Harun al-Rashid
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Windmills were among Abbasid inventions in technology.
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Hunayn ibn Ishaq was an influential translator, scholar, physician, and scientist.
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Ukhaidir Fortress, located south of Karbala, is a large, rectangular fortress erected in 775 AD with a unique defensive style.
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The provinces of Abbasid Caliphate in c. 850 under al-Mutawakkil
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See also
In Spanish: Califato abasí para niños
