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Erich Klausener
Bundesarchiv Bild 102-14315, Erich Klausener.jpg
Erich Klausener in 1933
Personal details
Born
Erich Klausener

(1885-01-25)25 January 1885
Düsseldorf, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
Died 30 June 1934(1934-06-30) (aged 49)
Berlin, German Reich
Parents Peter Klausener (father)
Elisabeth Biesenbach (mother)
Profession Politician
Professor
Known for Head of Catholic Action Berlin
Religion Roman Catholicism
Military service
Allegiance  Kingdom of Prussia
 German Empire
Battles/wars World War I

Erich Klausener (25 January 1885 – 30 June 1934) was a German Catholic politician and Catholic martyr in the "Night of the Long Knives", a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 1934, when the Nazi regime carried out a series of political murders.

Family

Klausener was born in Düsseldorf to a Catholic family. His father, Peter Klausener (1844-1904), was a member of the Austrian Flirsch Klausener family, who came to the Rhineland in 1740, and are relatives of the Cluysenaar family. His father studied law and served as an assessor and justice of the peace in Malmedy, Prussia. His mother, Elisabeth Bisenbach (1864-1944), was from an upper-class family in Düsseldorf. Klausener followed his father's career in public service, serving for a time in the Prussian Ministry of Commerce. He served as an artillery officer in Belgium, France and on the eastern front of World War I, and was awarded the Iron Cross Second Class in 1914 and the Iron Cross First Class in 1917. During the French occupation of Ruhr, Klausener sent a letter to Belgian occupation authorities, criticizing the mistreatment of German police officers. In response, Klausener was arrested, tried by a Belgian court-martial, sentenced to two months in prison, and temporarily expelled from the Ruhr.

Career

From 1924, Klausener served in Prussia in the Ministry of Welfare, and later headed the police division Ministry of Interior of that state. From 1928, Klausener became head of the group Catholic Action (German: Katholische Aktion). Before 1933, he strongly supported the police battle against illegal Nazi activities. After Adolf Hitler and Nazis came to power in 1933, Hermann Göring became minister-president of Prussia. Klausener was displaced from the ministry of transport of Prussia when Göring started to Nazify the Prussian police, and Klausener was transferred to the Reich Ministry of Transportation.

Chair of Catholic Action Berlin

In 1928, Klausener joined the Katholischen Akademikerverbandes (Catholic Academic Association) and was elected to its board. (Another sources states that Klausener "initiated" Catholic Action in Berlin in 1922 via encyclical Ubi Arcano)

Assassination

A close associate of Vice Chancellor Franz von Papen, Klausener contributed to his Marburg speech delivered on 17 June 1934. The speech was largely written by Edgar Jung, but the contributions of Klausener and Secretary Herbert von Bose cost them their lives. The speech, though moderate in tone, criticized the violence and repression that had followed since Hitler became Chancellor. It called for an end to the revolution, Nazi terror and for the restoration of normalcy, freedom, and freedom of the press.

On 24 June 1934, Klausener spoke at the Catholic Congress in the Berlin's Hoppegarten. His passionate criticism of the repression was viewed by the Nazis as an open challenge.

Six days later, on 30 June 1934, during the "Night of the Long Knives", SS officer Kurt Gildisch was ordered by Reinhard Heydrich to go to Klausener's office at the Ministry of Transport to assassinate him. After the killing, Gildisch was promoted in rank to SS-Sturmbannführer.

Martyr

Grab.Erich.und.Hedwig.Klausener
Klausener's Monument in the cemetery of St. Matthias Church, Berlin

After the end of the Nazi regime and after World War II, a monument was erected to Klausener in Berlin. In 1999, the Catholic Church in Germany accepted Klausener into the German martyrology as a witness of faith.

Legacy

Tributes and memorials

  • Erich-Klausener-Gymnasium (State High-School) in Adenau is named after him

Klausener had seven Straßen (streets) named after him:

  • Erich-Klausener-Straße, Düsseldorf
  • Erich-Klausener-Straße, Neuss
  • Erich-Klausener-Straße, Krefeld
  • Erich-Klausener-Straße, Monheim am Rhein
  • Erich-Klausener-Straße, Ludwigsfelde
  • Erich-Klausener-Straße, Brieselang
  • Erich-Klausener-Straße, Blankenfelde-Mahlow

Leo-Statz-Platz in Unterbilk, Düsseldorf

  • Memorial stone
  • Stolperstein

Gallery

  • Bundesarchiv Bild 102-08224, Berlin, Albert Grzesinski bei Verfassungsfeier

    Klausener (Right) behind Prussian Interior Minister Albert Grzesinski (Centre) at the Constitutional Celebration of the Berlin Police in August 1929

  • E.Klausener0002

    Klausener circa 1928

  • Gedenkstein Ehrengedächtnis Erich Klausener und Leo Statz

    Memorial stone for Klausener and Leo Statz in Leo-Statz-Platz in Unterbilk, Düsseldorf

  • Stolperstein Erich Klausener

    Klausener's Stolperstein in Düsseldorf, Leo-Statz-Platz on Kronprinzenstaße

  • Stamps of Germany (Berlin) 1984, MiNr 719

    50th Death Anniversary Stamp of Klausener from the West Berlin Deutsche Bundespost Berlin in 1984

  • Gedenktafel Keithstr 8 Erich Klausener

    Klausener Memorial Plaque in Keithstrasse 8, Schöneberg, Berlin

See also

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