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Lagos de Moreno
Municipality and City
Templo El Calvario (cropped).jpg
OTRA VISTA DE LA PARROQUIA DE LA ASUNCION DE LA V. MARIA. EDIFICADA EN EL S. XVIII. LAGOS DE MORENO, JALISCO. MEXICO (cropped).jpg
Teatro José rosas moreno.jpg
OTRO VIASTA DEL Templete (capilla) del Campo Santo De La Soledad (Panteón De La Soledad) Panteon Municipal de Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco. México. Inaugurado el 06 de Octubre de 1846 Fachada estilo grecoromano. (cropped).jpg
Lagos de Moreno restos coloniales.jpg
Parroquia de la Asunción de María (Vista) (cropped).jpg
From left to right and from top to bottom: Templo del Calvario, Teatro José Rosas Moreno, Parroquia Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, Parroquia De Nuestra Señora De La Luz
Coat of arms of Lagos de Moreno
Coat of arms
Nickname(s): 
Athens of Mexico (Atenas de México)
Motto(s): 
Adversus populos Xiconaqui et Custique fortitudo
Location of the municipality in Jalisco
Location of the municipality in Jalisco
Lagos de Moreno is located in Mexico
Lagos de Moreno
Lagos de Moreno
Location in Mexico
Country  Mexico
State  Jalisco
Founded March 31, 1563
Founded as Villa de Santa María de los Lagos
Founded by Hernando Martel and Pedro de Anda
Named for Pedro Moreno and the historical lakes in the region
Area
 • Municipality 2,514 km2 (971 sq mi)
 • City 24.72 km2 (9.54 sq mi)
Elevation
1,942 m (6,371 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)
 • Municipality 172,403
 • Density 68.577/km2 (177.61/sq mi)
 • City
111,569
 • City density 4,513.3/km2 (11,689.4/sq mi)
Demonym(s) Laguense
Time zone UTC-6 (Central Standard Time)
 • Summer (DST) UTC-5 (Central Daylight Time)
Area code(s) 474

Lagos de Moreno (Spanish: [ˈlaɣos ðe moˈɾeno]) is a city and municipality in the State of Jalisco, Mexico. Lagos is located in the region of Los Altos de Jalisco, within the macroregion of the Bajío, one of the most highly developed areas in Latin America. Lagos de Moreno is occasionally known as the "Athens of Jalisco", owing to the numerous writers and poets who were born there.

Lagos de Moreno was founded as Villa Santa Maria de los Lagos on March 31, 1563, by Don Hernando Martel, an Andalusian conquistador. The town was the economic and cultural center of a region that eventually attracted many ranchers. By 1600 there were over 20,000 cattle in the region. Santa Maria continued growing both physically and culturally, and by the 1800s, the town was elevated to a city and renamed to Lagos de Moreno in honor of Pedro Moreno. Lagos de Moreno was the site of the signing of several important political documents, the two identically named but unrelated Convenios de Lagos. The arts flourished in the city during the latter half of the 19th century, but this literary boom decreased somewhat after the Mexican Revolution, especially during the 1940s. Recently, Lagos de Moreno has become an important cultural and tourist destination thanks to its rich history and architecture, some of which still stands from the 17th century.

As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 111,569, making it the 6th largest city in the state of Jalisco. The municipality had a population of 172,403 in 2020. It includes many other outlying small communities, the largest of which are Paso de Cuarenta (San Miguel de Cuarenta) and Los Azulitos.

Etymology

The conquistador Hernando Martel gave Lagos de Moreno its original name, Villa de Santa Maria de los Lagos (Town of Saint Mary of the Lakes). The town's name was derived from Saint Mary, the townspeople's chosen patron saint, and the numerous lakes that used to be scattered across the valley. The town was renamed on April 9, 1829, as Lagos de Moreno in honor of Mexican independence hero Pedro Moreno, who was born in the city.

History

Pre-hispanic era

The origins of Lagos de Moreno date to its founding as Pechichitlán or Teziziatlan by Ahnuvic VII in about 1028 BCE. Then the city served as a capital for the Chichimecatlalli fiefdom. In the 12th century, semi-nomadic Guachichiles occupied the valley and dominated an extensive area stretching from present-day San Juan de los Lagos to southern Coahuila. Before the colonization of Mexico began, indigenous culture thrived in this area, with notable pre-Hispanic architecture being established at Rincón de Mesa, Sauceda, and El Maguey.

Colonial era

After the fall of the Aztec Empire, explorers set out to explore the western frontier in the Bajio Region. The Spanish expansion in Nueva Galicia was slowed down by several tribes in the vicinity, such as the semi-nomadic Chichimecas and the Guachichiles. To the east of Pechititan, the Guamares inhabited the Guanajuato area, and to the west, the Zacatecos lived. The Zacateco caudillos (chiefs), Xiconaqui and Custique, along with the Chichimecas, struck down multiple Spanish invasions from 1550 to 1590 in the well-known Chichimeca War.

However, encomenderos gradually occupied the Bajio. The first Spaniard to build a hacienda in the Laguense valley was Don Diego de Ibarra. Even so, in 1551, a group of Chichimecas attacked his ranch (La Sauceda and San Antonio) and killed all his animals. The constant raids in the area made, for the time being, made settlement of the Lagos region impossible.

Founding of Lagos

Don Hernando de Martel
Don Hernando Martel founded Villa Santa Maria de los Lagos in 1563. He and his family held considerable influence over the town in its first few decades.

After decades of constant combat and raids, the first Spanish authorities of the region were appointed; the priest of Teocaltiche and the Mayor of Teocaltiche had the region stretching from Teocaltiche to the Lagos valley as their jurisdiction. Later, the Royal Audiencia of Nueva Galicia ordered the Mayor of Teocaltiche, Don Hernando Martel from Seville, to establish a town in the vicinity of Pechichitan. The new settlement was founded jointly with the first priest and vicar of the local parish, father Juan de Cuenca Virues, who also participated in the official founding of the Real Comanja mine in 1561. As such, on March 31, 1563, Villa de Santa María de los Lagos was founded by Martel and Cuenca, along with around 100 Spanish noble families.

Development

The residents of Santa Maria chose the Virgin Mary as the namesake of their town and Saint Sebastian as a minor patron saint. The settlement and its surroundings became quite appealing to ranchers; by 1600 around 20,000 head of cattle were active in the Lagos valley, facilitating the eventual creation of the charreria-style rodeo. The increasing population of the area contributed to the naming of the first ordinary Mayor of Santa Maria de los Lagos, the miner Pedro Marfil from Guanajuato. Marfil would be succeeded by Gonzalo Vazquez Baladez, the first and only clergyman to-date to serve as mayor of the town.

The town continued to grow steadily in the 17th century, benefiting from the general prosperity of the Golden Age of the Spanish Empire. In 1615, a new jail was inaugurated, and 1621 saw the construction of a third parish temple with a tower that would be completed by 1685. Religious buildings were created often during this period; the Convent of the Poor Capuchins of Saint Joseph was founded and the construction of the Parish Church of Our Lady of the Assumption and the Temple of Our Lady of the Rosary began during this time.

Mexican War of Independence

Pedro Moreno insurgente
Pedro Moreno, namesake of Lagos de Moreno and hero of the Mexican War of Independence.

Santa Maria de los Lagos, like the rest of New Spain, underwent rapid political change in the early 1800s. Local lawyer Francisco Primo de Verdad y Ramos spoke openly to the colonial authorities, advocating for Mexican independence. However, he soon died under mysterious circumstances in the dungeon of the Mexico City Trustee building. In the initial phase of the war, Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla visited Santa Maria de los Lagos and provided religious services there, and recruited some families for the fight against the forces of the Spanish Viceroy.

Independence to present

Historic Centre of Lagos de Moreno
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Lagos de Moreno restos coloniales.jpg
The historic Lagos Bridge with the Temple of Our Lady of the Light in the distance
Location Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco, Mexico
Criteria ii, iv
Inscription 2010 (34th Session)

In 1823, the Convenio de Lagos (Agreement of Lagos) was signed in Santa Maria by Nicolas Bravo, Pedro Celestino Negrete, and Luis Quintanar, establishing the Free and Sovereign State of Jalisco. On March 27, 1824, Santa Maria was given the title of city. On April 9, 1829, the city was renamed as Lagos de Moreno in memory of insurgent General Pedro Moreno (1775-1817), a founding father of Mexico who led forces against Spanish authorities in the Mexican War of Independence.

In 1855, a second and similarly titled Convenio de Lagos (Agreement of Lagos) was signed in Lagos de Moreno, in which Manuel Doblado and Antonio de Haro y Tamariz recognized the Plan of Ayutla, thus joining the movement to topple conservative President Antonio López de Santa Ana. During the Reform War, Lagos de Moreno changed hands between liberal and conservative forces multiple times until an eventual liberal victory in 1861.

During the Mexican Revolution in the 1910s, residents of Lagos de Moreno like Mariano Azuela and Francisco Guerrero Ramirez joined the fighting. In the subsequent Cristero War, the nearby Mesa Redonda was the site of a battle between federal troops and rebel forces.

In 1963, Lagos de Moreno celebrated the 400th anniversary of its founding. In recent times, the city has received several important titles. It has been named an Area of Historical Monuments by the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) in 1989, a World Heritage Site on the Camino Real "Tierra Adentro" by UNESCO on August 1, 2010, and "Pueblo Mágico" by SECTUR on November 16, 2012.

Geography

Climate

Lagos de Moreno has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen climate classification Cwb) with mild temperatures year round. Temperatures are generally similar for any given month, but daily high and low fluctuations can be very sharp in the winter due in part to the city's altitude and its uneven surroundings. Winters are mild with an average maximum temperature of 23 °C (73.4 °F) in January although nighttime temperatures are often cold, with an average minimum temperature of 3 °C (37.4 °F). Many days are sunny, averaging around 15-19 clear days per month and precipitation is low. Nighttime temperatures regularly fall below 0 °C (32.0 °F) but extended periods of frost are rare.

The Bajio's two main seasons are the wet season and the dry season. The wet season, which runs from June to October, sees an increase in precipitation and humidity, with July and August being the wettest months. The record high was 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) on March 26, 1942 and the record low was −9.0 °C (15.8 °F) on January 24, 1955. The table below shows detailed statistics on the climate of Lagos de Moreno.

Climate data for Lagos de Moreno (1951–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.5
(95.9)
39.0
(102.2)
42.0
(107.6)
37.5
(99.5)
41.5
(106.7)
40.0
(104.0)
36.0
(96.8)
36.0
(96.8)
34.0
(93.2)
39.5
(103.1)
34.0
(93.2)
33.0
(91.4)
42.0
(107.6)
Average high °C (°F) 22.8
(73.0)
24.7
(76.5)
27.1
(80.8)
29.3
(84.7)
30.8
(87.4)
28.8
(83.8)
26.4
(79.5)
26.4
(79.5)
26.2
(79.2)
26.2
(79.2)
25.2
(77.4)
23.1
(73.6)
26.4
(79.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 12.8
(55.0)
14.2
(57.6)
16.4
(61.5)
18.8
(65.8)
20.9
(69.6)
21.2
(70.2)
19.8
(67.6)
19.6
(67.3)
19.2
(66.6)
17.6
(63.7)
15.3
(59.5)
13.4
(56.1)
17.4
(63.3)
Average low °C (°F) 2.8
(37.0)
3.6
(38.5)
5.6
(42.1)
8.3
(46.9)
10.9
(51.6)
13.5
(56.3)
13.2
(55.8)
12.8
(55.0)
12.3
(54.1)
9.1
(48.4)
5.4
(41.7)
3.6
(38.5)
8.4
(47.1)
Record low °C (°F) −9.0
(15.8)
−7.5
(18.5)
−4.5
(23.9)
−1.0
(30.2)
1.0
(33.8)
3.0
(37.4)
4.0
(39.2)
5.0
(41.0)
1.0
(33.8)
−3.0
(26.6)
−6.0
(21.2)
−5.2
(22.6)
−9.0
(15.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 25.4
(1.00)
24.9
(0.98)
16.5
(0.65)
29.4
(1.16)
47.8
(1.88)
102.7
(4.04)
158.8
(6.25)
138.5
(5.45)
122.6
(4.83)
59.9
(2.36)
21.7
(0.85)
11.0
(0.43)
759.2
(29.89)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 2.5 2.3 1.5 2.5 5.4 10.9 15.3 14.5 12.1 6.0 2.0 1.6 76.6
Average relative humidity (%) 59 53 48 48 51 64 70 73 72 68 64 64 61
Mean monthly sunshine hours 231.3 240.7 273.5 282.5 289.9 230.4 224.8 223.3 203.2 241.4 244.8 214.5 2,900.3
Source 1: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
Source 2: Colegio de Postgraduados(sun and humidity)

Topography

Vista de la 'Mesa redonda' (Jalisco) desde la carretera León-Aguascalientes 02
A view of the Mesa Redonda from the nearby highway. Mesa Redonda was the site of a Cristero War battle.

Lagos de Moreno is situated 1,942 meters (6,371 feet) above mean sea level. Lagos is located in the region of Los Altos de Jalisco, within the macroregion of the Bajío, one of the most highly developed areas in Latin America. The city's vicinity is quite mountainous and hilly, with the nearby Mesa Redonda being a particularly notable formation.

Flora and fauna

The nearby Mesa Redonda is home to many unique species of flora. There, two species of cactus endemic only to Jalisco flourish, with one of these species only being endemic to the Mesa Redonda, particularly its very steep slopes, protecting it from predators.

Many animals call the Lagos valley home, with fauna including hares, rabbits, deers, and boars. Residents of nearby ranches have commented on the presence of coyotes and snakes in rural areas. Areas like the Mesa Redonda have been utilized by locals to gather vegetables straight from nature, particularly prickly pear cacti.

Demographics

As of the 2020 Mexican census, the city had a population of 111,569, making it the 6th largest city in the state of Jalisco. The municipality as a whole had an estimated population of 164,981 in 2015. The municipality has a slightly higher female population, with 88,426 females compared to 83,977 males.

In Lagos de Moreno city, 38,024 dwellings were enumerated, with 38,002 of these being private households. Of the private residences, 30,020 were inhabited; and in turn, of the inhabited private residences: 29,817 had non-dirt flooring; 29,64 had electricity; 29,919 had sanitary facilities; and 29,941 had drainage.

Notable people

Athletics

  • Luis Fernando Macías, professional cyclist, silver medalist at the 2009 Pan-American Road and Track Championship
  • Armando Reynoso Gutiérrez, baseball player for the Mexico national team, Mexican Baseball Hall of Fame member
  • Isaác Brizuela Muñoz, Mexican-American footballer for C.D. Guadalajara
  • Carmelo Reyes González, former professional wrestler

Culture

  • Lola Álvarez Bravo, famed photographer, prominent figure of the post-Mexican Revolution artistic renaissance
  • Juan Pablo Villalobos, author and entrepreneur
  • José Rosas Moreno, 19th-century writer, fableist, and poet
  • Mariano Azuela González, 19th/20th-century literary critic, novelist, and essayist

Politics

Religion

Government

Mayors and municipal presidents

Subjects and citizens who have served as mayors or municipal presidents of Lagos de Moreno

Officer Term Office Notes
Pedro Marfil 1563-1567 Ordinary mayor Founder
Luis López 1567-1569 Ordinary mayor Founder
Pedro de Villafaña 1569-1580 Ordinary mayor Founder
Lope Sánchez de Uréchiga 1580-1609 Ordinary mayor
Lorenzo de Padilla Dávila 1609-1611 Ordinary mayor
Fernando de Villegas Jara 1611-1616 Ordinary mayor
Juan de Arredondo y Bracamontes 1616-1624 Senior mayor
Pedro de Aranda 1624-1650 Senior mayor
Captain Antonio de Villegas Jara 1650-1651 Senior mayor
Joseph González 1651 Senior mayor
Captain Antonio de Esquivel y Vargas 1653 Senior mayor
Antonio Ximénez de Castro 1659 Senior mayor
Captain Juan de Alarcón Faxardo 1662 Senior mayor
Captain Diego González de la Torre 1663 Senior mayor
Captain Diego Flores de la Torre 1672 Senior mayor
Francisco de Villaviciosa 1679 Senior mayor
Captain Juan Rincón Gallardo 1688 Senior mayor
Felipe de Otadui y Avendaño 1692 Senior mayor
Fernando Hurtado de Mendoza 1694 Senior mayor
Captain Jerónimo Antonio Chacón 1707 Senior mayor
Sebastián de Manzano 1727 Senior mayor
Juan Pérez Franco y Hermosillo 1736 Senior mayor
Miguel Jerónimo del Villar 1737 Senior mayor
Bernabé Felipe de Torres Ortega 1738 Senior mayor
Carlos de San Gil y Ram. 1758 Senior mayor
Francisco Javier de Arriola 1775 Senior mayor
Juan de Anaya 1778 Senior mayor
Diego Romero de Chávez 1790 Senior mayor Main character in the book El Alcalde de Lagos y otras consejas (The Mayor of Lagos and other stories), by Alfonso de Alba Martín (1957)
Alonso de Ceballos y Villagutierre 1794 Senior mayor
Juan José de Echarte 1808–1810 Military commander
José María Sanromán 1809 Senior mayor
Buenaventura Anaya 1810 Senior mayor
Rafael Flores 1811–1814 Military commander
Hermenegildo Rebuelta 1814–1821 Military commander
Quirino Sanromán 1821–1824 Military commander
Juan Crescencio Hermosillo 1843 Political chief
Bruno Rey 1857 Political chief
Juan García Rebollo 1858 Prefect
Prudencio Topete 1860 Political chief
Juan Zermeño 1863 Prefect, conservative
Bernardo Olivero 1866 Prefect, conservative
Albino Aranda 1868 Political chief
Antonio Barajas 1876 Political chief
Juan Alatorre 1873 Political chief
Camilo Anaya 1874 Political chief
José María Sanromán 1875 Political chief
Pedro Vega 1880 Political chief
José Ignacio Torres 1881 Political chief
Andrés Michel 1883 Political chief
Colonel Francisco de Paula Méndez 1887 Political chief
José de Urrea 1888 Political chief
Abraham Arróniz 1890 Political chief
M. Morelos 1891 Political chief
Abraham Arróniz 1892 Political chief
Lt. Col. Ignacio Montenegro 1895 Political chief
José María Arce 1897 Political chief
Lt. Col. Jesús L. Patiño 1898 Political chief
José María Gutiérrez 1900 Political chief
Mayor Rosendo Híjar y Haro 1901 Political chief
Margarito González Rubio 1903 Political chief
Jesús Gómez Portugal 1909 Political chief
Lorenzo I. Calderón 1911 Political chief
Alberto Macedo 1913 Political chief
Lt. Col. Ismael Hurtado 1914 Political chief
Municipal president Term Party Notes
Juan Zúñiga 1916
Benjamín E. Mora 1917
Pedro Pons 1918
Leonardo Larios Paz 1919
Ramón Vázquez 1920
José Vega González 1921
Francisco Montoya 1923
Luciano Castañeda 1925
Fernando Zermeño 1926
Ricardo Anaya 1927
Miguel Gómez Portugal 1928
Ramón E. Rivera 1929 PNR Logo Partido Nacional Revolucionario.svg
Jesús Pérez 1934 PNR Logo Partido Nacional Revolucionario.svg
Carlos A. Cuervo 1935 PNR Logo Partido Nacional Revolucionario.svg
Jacobo Lomelín 1935 PNR Logo Partido Nacional Revolucionario.svg
Francisco Carrera 1936 PNR Logo Partido Nacional Revolucionario.svg
Miguel Araujo Soto 1938 PRM Logo Partido de la Revolucion Mexicana.svg
Salvador J. Camarena 1943 PRM Logo Partido de la Revolucion Mexicana.svg
Luis Nungaray Garza 1944 PRM Logo Partido de la Revolucion Mexicana.svg
Alfonso Márquez 1945 PRM Logo Partido de la Revolucion Mexicana.svg
Ignacio Cedillo 1946 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
José María Padilla 1947 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Abraham Vega 1948 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Manuel Vega 1950 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Enrique Núñez Ortiz 1953 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Alfonso Escobar 1954 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Francisco Carrera Hernández 1956 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Enrique Núñez Ortiz 1953 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Roberto Moreno 1958 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
José Gutiérrez Zermeño 1959 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Abraham Vega Padilla 1960 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Juan José Gómez 1961 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Juan Anaya Gómez 01-01-1962–31-12-1964 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Carlos González Gómez 1965 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
José A. Villagrán 1966 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Rubén Martín Urzúa 1967 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Jesús Delgado Pérez 01-01-1968–31-12-1970 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Manuel Flores Tostado 01-01-1971–31-12-1973 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Jorge Sanromán Quiñones 01-01-1974–31-12-1976 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Alfredo Gallardo Fregoso 01-01-1977–31-12-1979 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Teodoro Esparza Rojo 1980–1982 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Víctor Atilano Gómez 1983–1985 PDM PDM Logo.svg
Tranquilino Martín 1985 PDM PDM Logo.svg
Trinidad Velázquez 1986
Sergio Esparza 1987
Emigdio Rico Santana 1988
Ignacio Padilla Hernández 1989–1992 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Benjamín Gazcón Torres 1992–1995 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Víctor Manuel Larios Muñoz 1995–1997 PAN PAN Party (Mexico).svg
Francisco Javier Pérez Romero 01-01-1998–31-12-2000 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Francisco Rafael Torres Marmolejo 01-01-2001–2003 PAN PAN Party (Mexico).svg
Saúl González Fuentes 01-01-2004–31-12-2006 PAN PAN Party (Mexico).svg
Francisco Rafael Torres Marmolejo 01-01-2007–31-12-2009 PAN PAN Party (Mexico).svg
José Brizuela López 01-01-2010–30-09-2012 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
Panal PNA logo (Mexico).svg
Coalition "Alliance for Jalisco"
Hugo René Ruiz Esparza Hermosillo 01-10-2012–30-09-2015 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
PVEM PVE logo (Mexico).svg
Coalition "Compromise for Jalisco"
Juan Alberto Márquez de Anda 01-10-2015–30-09-2018 PRI PRI Party (Mexico).svg
PVEM PVE logo (Mexico).svg
Tecutli José Guadalupe Gómez Villalobos 01-10-2018–02-03-2021 PAN PAN Party (Mexico).svg
PRD PRD logo without border (Mexico).svg
MC MC Party (Mexico).svg
Applied for a leave to run for reelection, which he got
José Ignacio Ángel Cervantes 02-03-2021–30-09-2021 PAN PAN Party (Mexico).svg
PRD PRD logo without border (Mexico).svg
MC MC Party (Mexico).svg
Acting municipal president
Tecutli José Guadalupe Gómez Villalobos 01-10-2021– MC MC Party (Mexico).svg Was reelected on 06-06-2021

Gallery

Transportation

The city used to be served by the Francisco Primo de Verdad National Airport (IATA: LOM). The nearest airport, Del Bajio International Airport (IATA: BJX) is located near Silao, Guanajuato, an hour's drive away.

See also

Kids robot.svg In Spanish: Lagos de Moreno para niños

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