Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Louis IX
Portrait of Louis IX around 1780 in the Musée historique de Strasbourg
Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Reign	12 October 1768 – 6 April 1790
Predecessor	Louis VIII
Successor	Louis X
Born	(1719-12-15)15 December 1719 Darmstadt
Died	6 April 1790(1790-04-06) (aged 70) Pirmasens
Spouse	Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken ​ ​ (m. 1741; died 1774)​ Marie Adelaide of Cheirouze, Countess of Lemberg ​ (m. 1775)​
Issue	Caroline, Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg Frederica Louisa, Queen of Prussia Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse Amalie, Hereditary Princess of Baden Wilhelmina Louisa, Tsarevna of Russia Louisa Augusta, Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach Prince Frederick Prince Christian
House	Hesse-Darmstadt
Father	Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Mother	Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg

Louis IX of Hesse-Darmstadt (German: Ludwig) was a powerful ruler. He was a Landgrave from 1768 to 1790. A Landgrave was a type of count or prince who ruled a specific territory in Germany. Louis IX was born on December 15, 1719, and passed away on April 6, 1790.

Meet Louis IX

Louis IX was the son of Louis VIII. His mother was Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Müntzenberg. He was born in the city of Darmstadt, Germany.

On August 12, 1741, Louis married Caroline. She was the daughter of Christian III, Duke of Zweibrücken. Louis and Caroline had eight children together.

Louis IX's Children

• Princess Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt (1746–1821) married Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg.
• Princess Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt (1751–1805) became Queen of Prussia. She married King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia.
• Prince Louis X (1753–1830) later became Grand Duke Louis I. He married his cousin, Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt.
• Princess Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt (1754–1832) married her cousin, Karl Ludwig, Hereditary Prince of Baden.
• Princess Wilhelmina Louisa of Hessen-Darmstadt (1755–1776) married Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich of Russia. He later became an emperor.
• Princess Luise Auguste of Hesse-Darmstadt (1757–1830) married Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.
• Prince Frederick (1759–1802).
• Prince Christian of Hesse-Darmstadt (1763–1830).
• They also had a son who was stillborn on May 3, 1742.

After Caroline passed away, Louis IX married Marie Adelaide of Cheirouze in 1775. She was the Countess of Lemberg. Louis IX died in Pirmasens on April 6, 1790.

A Royal Connection

Louis IX and his first wife, Caroline, are very important in royal history. In 2022, after Charles III became King of the United Kingdom, they became the most recent common ancestors of all current kings and queens in Europe. This means that every king, queen, prince, or princess ruling a country in Europe today can trace their family tree back to Louis IX and Caroline!

Royal Family Tree

This chart shows how Louis IX and Caroline are connected to many royal families today. Dotted lines mean marriage.

Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken

Princess Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt ∞ Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg

Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt ∞ Frederick William II of Prussia

Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse

Princess Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt ∞ Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden

Princess Amalie of Hesse-Homburg ∞ Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt-Dessau

Frederick William III of Prussia

Wilhelmine of Prussia ∞ William I of the Netherlands

Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse

Caroline of Baden ∞ Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria

Frederica of Baden ∞ Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden

Charles, Grand Duke of Baden

Princess Wilhelmine of Baden

Prince Frederick Augustus of Anhalt-Dessau

William I, German Emperor

Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia) ∞ Nicholas I of Russia

William II of the Netherlands

Prince Frederick of the Netherlands

Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine

Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine

Princess Sophie of Bavaria ∞ Archduke Franz Karl of Austria

Princess Sophie of Sweden ∞ Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden

Princess Josephine of Baden ∞ Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern (born 1811)

Princess Marie Amelie of Baden ∞ William Hamilton, 11th Duke of Hamilton

Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau ∞ Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

Frederick III, German Emperor

Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia

William III of the Netherlands

Louise of the Netherlands ∞ Charles XV of Sweden

Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse

Prince Louis of Battenberg

Prince Henry of Battenberg

Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria

Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden

Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen ∞ Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders

Lady Mary Victoria Douglas-Hamilton ∞ Albert I, Prince of Monaco

William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

Wilhelm II, German Emperor

Sophia of Prussia

Olga Constantinovna of Russia ∞ George I of Greece

Wilhelmina of the Netherlands ∞ Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Louise of Sweden ∞ Frederick VIII of Denmark

Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine

Princess Alice of Battenberg

Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg ∞ Alfonso XIII of Spain

Archduchess Elisabeth Amalie of Austria ∞ Prince Alois of Liechtenstein (1869–1955)

Victoria of Baden ∞ Gustaf V of Sweden

Albert I of Belgium

Louis II, Prince of Monaco

Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg ∞ Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma

Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia ∞ Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick

Constantine I of Greece

Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark

Juliana of the Netherlands ∞ Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld

Christian X of Denmark

Haakon VII of Norway

Princess Ingeborg of Denmark ∞ Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland

Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona

Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein

Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden

Ingrid of Sweden

Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium

Albert II of Belgium

Rainier III, Prince of Monaco

Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

Frederica of Hanover

Paul I of Greece

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

Beatrix of the Netherlands ∞ Prince Claus of the Netherlands

Frederik IX of Denmark

Olav V of Norway

Princess Märtha of Sweden

Astrid of Sweden

Juan Carlos I of Spain

Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein

Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten

Ingrid of Sweden

Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium

Albert II of Belgium

Rainier III, Prince of Monaco

Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

Queen Sofía of Spain

Charles III of the United Kingdom

Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands

Margrethe II of Denmark

Harald V of Norway

Felipe VI of Spain

Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden

Philippe I of Belgium

Albert II, Prince of Monaco

Frederik X of Denmark

More Royal Connections

• John William Friso and Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel were also common ancestors for European monarchs. They held this title from the end of World War II until 2022.
• Christian IX of Denmark and Louise of Hesse-Kassel are also common ancestors for many European royal families.
  • You can learn more about their family tree here: Descendants of Christian IX of Denmark