Mound Bayou, Mississippi facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Mound Bayou, Mississippi
|
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Nickname(s):
Jewel of the Delta
|
|
Location of Mound Bayou in Mississippi
|
|
 Mound Bayou, Mississippi
Location in the United States
|
|
| Country | United States |
| State | Mississippi |
| County | Bolivar |
| Founded | July 12, 1887 |
| Incorporated -City status |
February 23, 1898 May 12, 1972 |
| Area | |
| • Total | 0.88 sq mi (2.27 km2) |
| • Land | 0.88 sq mi (2.27 km2) |
| • Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 144 ft (44 m) |
| Population
(2010)
|
|
| • Total | 1,533 |
| • Estimate
(2019)
|
1,370 |
| • Density | 1,562.14/sq mi (603.39/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code |
38762
|
| Area code(s) | 662 |
| FIPS code | 28-49320 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0673895 |
Mound Bayou is a city in Bolivar County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,533 at the 2010 census, down from 2,102 in 2000. It was founded as an independent black community in 1887 by former slaves led by Isaiah Montgomery.
Mound Bayou has a 96.8% African-American majority population in 2020, one of the largest of any community in the United States. The current mayor of Mound Bayou is Leighton Aldridge.
Contents
Geography
U.S. Routes 61 and 278 bypass Mound Bayou to the west and lead south 9 miles (14 km) to Cleveland, the largest city in Bolivar County, and north 27 miles (43 km) to Clarksdale.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city of Mound Bayou has a total area of 0.9 square miles (2.3 km2), all land.
Demographics
| Historical population | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1900 | 287 | — | |
| 1910 | 537 | 87.1% | |
| 1920 | 803 | 49.5% | |
| 1930 | 834 | 3.9% | |
| 1940 | 806 | −3.4% | |
| 1950 | 1,328 | 64.8% | |
| 1960 | 1,354 | 2.0% | |
| 1970 | 2,134 | 57.6% | |
| 1980 | 2,917 | 36.7% | |
| 1990 | 2,222 | −23.8% | |
| 2000 | 2,102 | −5.4% | |
| 2010 | 1,533 | −27.1% | |
| 2019 (est.) | 1,370 | −10.6% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census | |||
2020 census
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
|---|---|---|
| White | 7 | 0.46% |
| Black or African American | 1,485 | 96.81% |
| Other/Mixed | 31 | 2.02% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 11 | 0.72% |
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 1,534 people, 641 households, and 376 families residing in the city.
2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,533 people living in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 98.0% Black, 0.9% White, 0.1% Asian and 0.1% from two or more races. 0.9% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
History
.jpg)
Mound Bayou traces its origin to people from the community of Davis Bend, Mississippi. The latter was started in the 1820s by the planter Joseph E. Davis (brother of former Confederate president Jefferson Davis), who intended to create a model slave community on his plantation. Davis was influenced by the utopian ideas of Robert Owen. He encouraged self-leadership in the slave community, provided a higher standard of nutrition and health and dental care, and allowed slaves to become merchants. In the aftermath of the Civil War, Davis Bend became an autonomous free community when Davis sold his property to former slave Benjamin Montgomery, who had run a store and been a prominent leader at Davis Bend. The prolonged agricultural depression, falling cotton prices and white hostility in the region contributed to the economic failure of Davis Bend.
Isaiah T. Montgomery led the founding of Mound Bayou in 1887 in wilderness in northwest Mississippi. The bottomlands of the Delta were a relatively undeveloped frontier, and blacks had a chance to clear land and acquire ownership in such frontier areas. By 1900 two-thirds of the owners of land in the bottomlands were black farmers. With high debt and continuing agricultural problems, most of them lost their land and by 1920 were sharecroppers. As cotton prices fell, the town suffered a severe economic decline in the 1920s and 1930s.
Shortly after a fire destroyed much of the business district, Mound Bayou began to revive in 1942 after the opening of the Taborian Hospital by the International Order of Twelve Knights and Daughters of Tabor, a fraternal organization. For more than two decades, under its Chief Grand Mentor Perry M. Smith, the hospital provided low-cost health care to thousands of blacks in the Mississippi Delta. The chief surgeon was Dr. T.R.M. Howard who eventually became one of the wealthiest black men in the state. Howard owned a plantation of more than 1,000 acres (4.0 km2), a home-construction firm, a small zoo, and built the first swimming pool for blacks in Mississippi. In 1952, Medgar Evers moved to Mound Bayou to sell insurance for Howard's Magnolia Mutual Life Insurance Company. Howard introduced Evers to civil rights activism through the Regional Council of Negro Leadership which organized a boycott against service stations which refused to provide restrooms for blacks. The RCNL's annual rallies in Mound Bayou between 1952 and 1955 drew crowds of ten thousand or more. During the trial of Emmett Till's alleged killers, black reporters and witnesses stayed in Howard's Mound Bayou home, and Howard gave them an armed escort to the courthouse in Sumner.
Author Michael Premo wrote:
Mound Bayou was an oasis in turbulent times. While the rest of Mississippi was violently segregated, inside the city there were no racial codes... At a time when blacks faced repercussions as severe as death for registering to vote, Mound Bayou residents were casting ballots in every election. The city has a proud history of credit unions, insurance companies, a hospital, five newspapers, and a variety of businesses owned, operated, and patronized by black residents. Mound Bayou is a crowning achievement in the struggle for self-determination and economic empowerment.
Education
Primary and secondary schools
The city of Mound Bayou is served by the North Bolivar Consolidated School District, which operates I.T. Montgomery Elementary School in Mound Bayou and Northside High School in Shelby. The elementary school is named after Mound Bayou cofounder Isaiah T. Montgomery.
From its earliest years, Mound Bayou has struggled with inadequate educational infrastructure. According to a 1915 report in the Cincinnati Labor Advocate, Mound Bayou's school was attended by more than 300 students who were forced to make use of equipment held to be "inadequate for 50 pupils". Teachers at the school were "poorly paid" and the school year limited to only five months.
On July 1, 2014, the North Bolivar School District consolidated with the Mound Bayou Public School District to form the North Bolivar Consolidated School District. John F. Kennedy Memorial High School in Mound Bayou, formerly the secondary school of the Mound Bayou district, closed in 2018.
St. Gabriel Mission School in Mound Bayou was of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Jackson (formerly Roman Catholic Diocese of Natchez and Roman Catholic Diocese of Jackson-Natchez). It opened as a K-8 school on September 7, 1954. The high school opened in 1958. In 1961 the high school closed. Its non-preschool grades ended in 1994 when it was converted into a preschool. The preschool closed in 2001.
Colleges and universities
Bolivar County residents have residency for two community colleges: Coahoma Community College and Mississippi Delta Community College. Their main campuses respectively are in unincorporated Coahoma County and Moorhead in Sunflower County.
Notable people
Born in Mound Bayou
- Mary Booze, first African-American woman to sit on the Republican National Committee, 1924 to her death in 1948; born in Mound Bayou in 1877, daughter of the founder I.T. Montgomery
- General Crook, musician
- Lorenzo Gray, baseball player
- Katie Hall, U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1982 to 1985 introduced the legislation for MLK day holiday.
- Kevin Henry, football player
- Russell Holmes, Massachusetts state representative (6th Suffolk)
- Melvin "Mel" Reynolds, disgraced politician
- Kelly Miller Smith, Sr., preacher, author, and civil rights leader
Lived or worked in Mound Bayou
- Isaiah Montgomery, town founder
- Medgar Evers, civil rights leader
- Myrlie Evers-Williams, widow of Medgar Evers; civil rights leader, journalist, NAACP Chair; delivered invocation at Barack Obama's second inauguration
- Fannie Lou Hamer, civil rights leader
- T.R.M. Howard, leader of civil rights and fraternal organizations, entrepreneur and surgeon
- Harold Robert Perry, first African-American to serve as a Catholic bishop in the 20th century; former pastor at St. Gabriel's Church in Mound Bayou
- Lewis Ossie Swingler, journalist, editor, and newspaper publisher
- Ed Townsend, singer, songwriter, producer, and attorney
- Minnie Fisher, local community activist
See also
In Spanish: Mound Bayou para niños
