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2000 United States census facts for kids

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Twenty-second census of the United States
Seal of the United States Census Bureau.svg
U.S. Census Bureau seal
US-Census-2000Logo.svg
2000 U.S. census logo
General information
Country United States
Date taken April 1, 2000
Total population 281,421,906
Percent change Increase 13.2%
Most populous state California (33,871,648)
Least populous state Wyoming (493,782)

The 2000 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13.2 percent over the 248,709,873 people enumerated during the 1990 census. This was the twenty-second federal census and was at the time the largest civilly administered peacetime effort in the United States.

Approximately 16 percent of households received a "long form" of the 2000 census, which contained over 100 questions. Full documentation on the 2000 census, including census forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series.

This was the first census in which a state—California—recorded a population of over 30 million, as well as the first in which two states—California and Texas—recorded populations of more than 20 million.

Data availability

Microdata from the 2000 census is freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System. Personally identifiable information will be available in 2072.

State rankings

Population Change by Percentage - 2000 US Census
A map showing the population change of each US State by percentage.
Rank State Population as of
2000 census
Population as of
1990 census
Change Percent
change
1  California 33,871,648 29,760,021 Increase 4,111,627 Increase 13.8%
2  Texas 20,851,820 16,986,510 Increase 3,865,510 Increase 22.8%
3  New York 18,976,457 17,990,455 Increase 986,002 Increase 5.5%
4  Florida 15,982,378 12,937,926 Increase 3,044,452 Increase 23.5%
5  Illinois 12,419,293 11,430,602 Increase 988,691 Increase 8.6%
6  Pennsylvania 12,281,054 11,881,643 Increase 399,411 Increase 3.4%
7  Ohio 11,353,140 10,847,115 Increase 506,025 Increase 4.7%
8  Michigan 9,938,444 9,295,297 Increase 643,147 Increase 6.9%
9  New Jersey 8,414,350 7,730,188 Increase 684,162 Increase 8.9%
10  Georgia 8,186,453 6,478,216 Increase 1,708,237 Increase 26.4%
11  North Carolina 8,049,313 6,628,637 Increase 1,420,676 Increase 21.4%
12  Virginia 7,078,515 6,187,358 Increase 891,157 Increase 14.4%
13  Massachusetts 6,349,097 6,016,425 Increase 332,672 Increase 5.5%
14  Indiana 6,080,485 5,544,159 Increase 536,326 Increase 9.7%
15  Washington 5,894,121 4,866,692 Increase 1,027,429 Increase 21.1%
16  Tennessee 5,689,283 4,877,185 Increase 812,098 Increase 16.7%
17  Missouri 5,595,211 5,117,073 Increase 478,138 Increase 9.3%
18  Wisconsin 5,363,675 4,891,769 Increase 471,906 Increase 9.6%
19  Maryland 5,296,486 4,781,468 Increase 515,018 Increase 10.8%
20  Arizona 5,130,632 3,665,228 Increase 1,465,404 Increase 40.0%
21  Minnesota 4,919,479 4,375,099 Increase 544,380 Increase 12.4%
22  Louisiana 4,468,976 4,219,973 Increase 249,003 Increase 5.9%
23  Alabama 4,447,100 4,040,587 Increase 406,513 Increase 10.1%
24  Colorado 4,301,261 3,294,394 Increase 1,006,867 Increase 30.6%
25  Kentucky 4,041,769 3,685,296 Increase 356,473 Increase 9.7%
26  South Carolina 4,012,012 3,486,703 Increase 525,309 Increase 15.1%
27  Oklahoma 3,450,654 3,145,585 Increase 305,069 Increase 9.7%
28  Oregon 3,421,399 2,842,321 Increase 579,078 Increase 20.4%
29  Connecticut 3,405,565 3,287,116 Increase 118,449 Increase 3.6%
30  Iowa 2,926,324 2,776,755 Increase 149,569 Increase 5.4%
31  Mississippi 2,844,658 2,573,216 Increase 271,442 Increase 10.5%
32  Kansas 2,688,418 2,477,574 Increase 210,844 Increase 8.5%
33  Arkansas 2,673,400 2,350,725 Increase 322,675 Increase 13.7%
34  Utah 2,233,169 1,722,850 Increase 510,319 Increase 29.6%
35  Nevada 1,998,257 1,201,833 Increase 796,424 Increase 66.3%
36  New Mexico 1,819,046 1,515,069 Increase 303,977 Increase 20.1%
37  West Virginia 1,808,344 1,793,477 Increase 14,867 Increase 0.8%
38  Nebraska 1,711,263 1,578,385 Increase 132,878 Increase 8.4%
39  Idaho 1,293,953 1,006,749 Increase 287,204 Increase 28.5%
40  Maine 1,274,923 1,227,928 Increase 46,995 Increase 3.8%
41  New Hampshire 1,235,786 1,109,252 Increase 126,534 Increase 11.4%
42  Hawaii 1,211,537 1,108,229 Increase 103,308 Increase 9.3%
43  Rhode Island 1,048,319 1,003,464 Increase 44,855 Increase 4.5%
44  Montana 902,195 799,065 Increase 103,130 Increase 12.9%
45  Delaware 783,600 666,168 Increase 117,432 Increase 17.6%
46  South Dakota 754,844 696,004 Increase 58,840 Increase 8.5%
47  North Dakota 642,200 638,800 Increase 3,400 Increase 0.5%
48  Alaska 626,932 550,043 Increase 76,889 Increase 14.0%
49  Vermont 608,827 562,758 Increase 46,069 Increase 8.2%
 District of Columbia 572,059 606,900 Decrease -34,841 Decrease -5.7%
50  Wyoming 493,782 453,588 Increase 40,194 Increase 8.9%
   United States 281,421,906 248,709,873 32,712,033 13.2%

City rankings

Top 100

Rank City State Population Region
1 New York NY 8,008,278 Northeast
2 Los Angeles CA 3,694,820 West
3 Chicago IL 2,896,016 Midwest
4 Houston TX 1,953,631 South
5 Philadelphia PA 1,517,550 Northeast
6 Phoenix AZ 1,321,045 West
7 San Diego CA 1,223,400 West
8 Dallas TX 1,188,580 South
9 San Antonio TX 1,144,646 South
10 Detroit MI 951,270 Midwest
11 San Jose CA 894,943 West
12 Indianapolis IN 791,926 Midwest
13 San Francisco CA 776,733 West
14 Jacksonville FL 735,617 South
15 Columbus OH 711,470 Midwest
16 Austin TX 656,562 South
17 Baltimore MD 651,154 South
18 Memphis TN 650,100 South
19 Milwaukee WI 596,974 Midwest
20 Boston MA 589,141 Northeast
21 Washington DC 572,059 South
22 Nashville-Davidson TN 569,891 South
23 El Paso TX 563,662 South
24 Seattle WA 563,374 West
25 Denver CO 554,636 West
26 Charlotte NC 540,828 South
27 Fort Worth TX 534,694 South
28 Portland OR 529,121 West
29 Oklahoma City OK 506,132 South
30 Tucson AZ 486,699 West
31 New Orleans LA 484,674 South
32 Las Vegas NV 478,434 West
33 Cleveland OH 478,403 Midwest
34 Long Beach CA 461,522 West
35 Albuquerque NM 448,607 West
36 Kansas City MO 441,545 Midwest
37 Fresno CA 427,652 West
38 Virginia Beach VA 425,257 South
39 San Juan PR 421,958
40 Atlanta GA 416,474 South
41 Sacramento CA 407,018 West
42 Oakland CA 399,484 West
43 Mesa AZ 396,375 West
44 Tulsa OK 393,049 South
45 Omaha NE 390,007 Midwest
46 Minneapolis MN 382,618 Midwest
47 Honolulu HI 371,657 West
48 Miami FL 362,470 South
49 Colorado Springs CO 360,890 West
50 St. Louis MO 348,189 Midwest
51 Wichita KS 344,284 Midwest
52 Santa Ana CA 337,977 West
53 Pittsburgh PA 334,563 Northeast
54 Arlington TX 332,969 South
55 Cincinnati OH 331,285 Midwest
56 Anaheim CA 328,014 West
57 Toledo OH 313,619 Midwest
58 Tampa FL 303,447 South
59 Buffalo NY 292,648 Northeast
60 St. Paul MN 287,151 Midwest
61 Corpus Christi TX 277,454 South
62 Aurora CO 276,393 West
63 Raleigh NC 276,093 South
64 Newark NJ 273,546 Northeast
65 Lexington-Fayette KY 260,512 South
66 Anchorage AK 260,283 West
67 Louisville KY 256,231 South
68 Riverside CA 255,166 West
69 St. Petersburg FL 248,232 South
70 Bakersfield CA 247,057 West
71 Stockton CA 243,771 West
72 Birmingham AL 242,820 South
73 Jersey City NJ 240,055 Northeast
74 Norfolk VA 234,403 South
75 Baton Rouge LA 227,818 South
76 Hialeah FL 226,419 South
77 Lincoln NE 225,581 Midwest
78 Greensboro NC 223,891 South
79 Plano TX 222,030 South
80 Rochester NY 219,773 Northeast
81 Glendale AZ 218,812 West
82 Akron OH 217,074 Midwest
83 Garland TX 215,768 South
84 Madison WI 208,054 Midwest
85 Fort Wayne IN 205,727 Midwest
86 Bayamon PR 203,499
87 Fremont CA 203,413 West
88 Scottsdale AZ 202,705 West
89 Montgomery AL 201,568 South
90 Shreveport LA 200,145 South
91 Augusta-Richmond County GA 199,775 South
92 Lubbock TX 199,564 South
93 Chesapeake VA 199,184 South
94 Mobile AL 198,915 South
95 Des Moines IA 198,682 Midwest
96 Grand Rapids MI 197,800 Midwest
97 Richmond VA 197,790 South
98 Yonkers NY 196,086 Northeast
99 Spokane WA 195,629 West
100 Glendale CA 194,973 West

Population profile

The U.S. resident population includes the total number of people in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The Bureau also enumerated the residents of the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico; its population was 3,808,610, an 8.1% increase over the number from a decade earlier.

In an introduction to a more detailed population profile (see references below), the Census Bureau highlighted the following facts about U.S. population dynamics:

  • 75% of respondents said they were White or Caucasian and no other race;
  • Hispanics accounted for 12.5% of the U.S. population, up from 9% in 1990;
  • 12.4% (34.5 million Americans) were of German descent;
  • 12.3% were of Black or African American descent;
  • 3.6% of respondents were Asian;
  • 2.4% (6.8 million Americans) of respondents were multiracial (2 or more races). The 2000 census was the first time survey options for multiracial Americans were provided.
  • Between 1990 and 2000, the population aged 45 to 54 grew by 49% and those aged 85 and older grew 38%;
  • Women outnumbered men two to one among those aged 85 and older;
  • Almost one in five adults had some type of disability in 1997 and the likelihood of having a disability increased with age;
  • Families (as opposed to men or women living alone) still dominated American households, but less so than they did thirty years ago;
  • Since 1993, both families and non-families have seen median household incomes rise, with "households headed by a woman without a spouse present" growing the fastest;
  • People in married-couple families had the lowest poverty rates;
  • The poor of any age were more likely than others to lack health insurance coverage;
  • The number of elementary and high school students in 2000 fell just short of the all-time high of 49 million reached in 1970;
  • Improvements in educational attainment cross racial and ethnic lines; and
  • The majority (51%) of U.S. households had access to computers; 42% had Internet access.

Changes in population

Regionally, the South and West experienced the bulk of the nation's population increase: 14,790,890 and 10,411,850, respectively. This meant that the mean center of U.S. population moved to Phelps County, Missouri. The Northeastern United States grew by 2,785,149; the Midwest by 4,724,144.

2000-census-percent-change.png

2000-census-numeric-change.png

(maps not to scale)

Reapportionment

2000 census reapportionment.svg

The results of the census are used to determine how many congressional districts each state is apportioned. Congress defines the formula, in accordance with Title 2 of the U.S. Code, to reapportion among the states the 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives. The apportionment population consists of the resident population of the fifty states, plus the overseas military and federal civilian employees and their dependents living with them who could be allocated to a state. Each member of the House represents a population of about 647,000. The populations of the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico are excluded from the apportionment population because they do not have voting seats in the U. S. House of Representatives.

Since the first census in 1790, the decennial count has been the basis for the United States representative form of government. Article I, Section II specifies that "The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative." In 1790, each member of the House represented about 34,000 residents. Since then, the House more than quadrupled in size, and in 1911 the number of representatives was fixed at 435. Today, each member represents about 20 times as many constituents.

See also

Kids robot.svg In Spanish: Censo de los Estados Unidos de 2000 para niños

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